Difference between revisions of "Expressing fractions with "fenzhi""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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[[Category:**URGENT**]]
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分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.
  
分之 (fēnzhī) is used to form a fraction in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.
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So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's ''NOT'' 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚"  is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."
  
So a 1/2 is read 二分之一 (èr fēnzhī yī), not 一分之二 (yī fēnzhī èr). 5/6  is read 六分之五 (liù fēnzhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēnzhī wǔshí).
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== Basic Pattern ==
 
 
== Basic Form ==
 
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
</div>
 
</div>
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Remember that the ''denominator'' is the ''bottom'' number in a fraction, but it comes ''first'' in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*蛋糕 还 剩 八 <em>分之</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Dàngāo hái shèng bā <em>fēn zhī</em> .</span> <span class="trans">There is still one eighth of the cake left.</span>
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*我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 <em>分 之</em> 五 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> wǔ le.</span><span class="trans">My phone only has 5% power left.</span>
*我 的 手机 电量 还有 <em>百分之</em> 三十 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng háiyǒu <em>bǎifēnzhī</em> sānshí.</span><span class="trans">My phone battery still has 30% left.</span>
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*这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 <em>分 之</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">This document is two-thirds downloaded.</span>
*这个 文件 已经 下载 完 了 三 <em>分之</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi wán le sān <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">Two thirds of this document has been downloaded.</span>  
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*这 篇 文章 有 五 <em>分 之</em> 三 是 抄 别人 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sān shì chāo biérén de.</span><span class="trans">Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.</span>
*这 块 地 有 五 <em>分之</em> 四 是 我们 家 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè kuài dì yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sì shì wǒmen jiā de.</span><span class="trans">Four fifths of this land belongs to our family.</span>  
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*差不多 三 <em>分 之</em> 美国 人 有 护照 。<span class="pinyin">Chàbuduō sān <em>fēn zhī</em> de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.</span><span class="trans">About one third of Americans have passports.</span>
*这 篇 文章 有 五 <em>分之</em> 三 都 是 抄 别人 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sān dōu shì chāo biérén de.</span><span class="trans">Three fifths of this article is a copy from others.</span>  
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*我们 学校 四 <em>分 之</em> 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào sì <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans">Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Advanced Usage ==
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== Advanced Pattern ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
A + 是 / 占 (+ B + 的) + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
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A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Zài wǒmen bān, wàiguó xuéshēng zhàn sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">One third of our classmates are foreign students.</span>
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*我们 公司 的 外国 员工 <strong></strong> 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng <strong>zhàn</strong> sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">One third of our company's employees are foreigners.</span>
*美国 人口 差不多 是 中国 人口 <em>分之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Měiguó rénkǒu chàbuduō shì Zhōngguó rénkǒu de <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">America's population is about one fourth that of China's.</span>
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*美国 人口 <strong></strong> 中国 的 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Měiguó rénkǒu <strong>shì</strong> Zhōngguó de <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">The USA's population is one fifth of China's.</span>
*我们 学校 四 <em>分之</em> 老师 都 是 男 老师 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào sì <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans">Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.</span>
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*押金 <strong></strong> 房租 <em>分 之</em> 二十 。<span class="pinyin">Yājīn <strong>shì</strong> fángzū de <em>bǎifēn zhī</em> èrshí.</span><span class="trans">The deposit is 20% of the rent.</span>
*我们 的 需求 占 整个 市场 需求 的 十 <em>分之</em> 三 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen de xūqiú zhàn zhěng gè shìchǎng xūqiú de shí <em>fēn zhī</em> sān.</span><span class="trans">Our demands take up three tenths of the entire markets demands.</span>
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*期末 考试 成绩 <strong>占</strong> 总 成绩 <em>分 之</em> 三十 。 <span class="pinyin">Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì <strong>zhàn</strong> zǒng chéngjì de bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> sānshí.</span><span class="trans">The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.</span>
*押金 是 房租 的 <em>百分之</em> 二十 。<span class="pinyin">Yājīnyào fù fángzū de <em>bǎifēnzhī</em> èrshí.</span><span class="trans">The deposit is 20% of the rent.</span>
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*在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 <strong></strong> <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō <strong>zhàn</strong> <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.</span>
*Trump 这个 州 的 支持 率 是 <em>百分之</em> 五十 七 点 四 。<span class="pinyin">Trump zài zhège zhōu de zhīchí lǜ shì <em>bǎifēnzhī</em> wǔshí qī diǎn sì.</span><span class="trans">In this state, Trump has a support rate of 57.4%.</span>
 
*过去 二十 年,大 城市 年轻人 的 离婚 率 增加 了 <em>百分之</em> 八 。<span class="pinyin">Dà chéngshì niánqīng rén de líhūn lǜ zēngjiā <em> bǎifēnzhī</em> .</span><span class="trans">In the past 20 years, the divorce rate for young people in big cities has gone up by 8%.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
==See Also==
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 18) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|18}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 152-3) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|152-3}}
  
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|Denominator + 分之 + Numerator|我们 班 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 同学 是 外国 人。|grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
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{{HSK|HSK4}}
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{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|Denominator + 分之 + Numerator|我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 |grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
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{{Rel char|之}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
{{Used for|Comparing}}
 
 
{{Similar|Expressing "multiples" with "bei"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "multiples" with "bei"}}
 
{{POS|Numbers}}
 
{{POS|Numbers}}

Latest revision as of 08:40, 24 April 2019

Chinese-grammar-wiki-zhi1.jpg

分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.

So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's NOT 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚" is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."

Basic Pattern

Structure

Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Remember that the denominator is the bottom number in a fraction, but it comes first in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.

Examples

  • 我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 分 之 五 了 。Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi fēn zhī wǔ le.My phone only has 5% power left.
  • 这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 分 之 二 。Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān fēn zhī èr.This document is two-thirds downloaded.
  • 这 篇 文章 有 五 分 之 三 是 抄 别人 的 。Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ fēn zhī sān shì chāo biérén de.Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.
  • 差不多 三 分 之 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。Chàbuduō sān fēn zhī yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.About one third of Americans have passports.
  • 我们 学校 四 分 之 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。Wǒmen xuéxiào sì fēn zhī sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."

A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Examples

  • 我们 公司 的 外国 员工 分 之 一 。Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng zhàn sān fēn zhī yī.One third of our company's employees are foreigners.
  • 美国 人口 中国 的 五 分 之 一 。Měiguó rénkǒu shì Zhōngguó de wǔ fēn zhī yī.The USA's population is one fifth of China's.
  • 押金 房租 的 百 分 之 二十 。Yājīn shì fángzū de bǎifēn zhī èrshí.The deposit is 20% of the rent.
  • 期末 考试 成绩 总 成绩 的 百 分 之 三十 。 Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì zhàn zǒng chéngjì de bǎi fēn zhī sānshí.The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.
  • 在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 分 之 二 。Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō zhànfēn zhī èr.In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.

Sources and further reading

Books