Difference between revisions of "Expressing fractions with "fenzhi""

 
(24 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
分之 (fēn zhī) is used to form a fraction in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.
+
分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.
  
So a 1/2 is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), not 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). 5/6 is read 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí).
+
So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's ''NOT'' 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚" is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."
  
 
== Basic Pattern ==
 
== Basic Pattern ==
Line 13: Line 13:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
Remember that the ''denominator'' is the ''bottom'' number in a fraction, but it comes ''first'' in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.
Denominator + 分之 + Numerator + 的 + Noun
 
</div>
 
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
Line 21: Line 19:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 <em>分 之</em> 五 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> wǔ le.</span><span class="trans">My phone battery only has 30% left.</span>
+
*我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 <em>分 之</em> 五 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> wǔ le.</span><span class="trans">My phone only has 5% power left.</span>
*这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">Two thirds of this document has been downloaded.</span>
+
*这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">This document is two-thirds downloaded.</span>
*这 篇 文章 有 五 <em>分 之</em> 三 是 抄 别人 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sān dōu shì chāo biérén de.</span><span class="trans">Three fifths of this article is a copy from other people.</span>
+
*这 篇 文章 有 五 <em>分 之</em> 三 是 抄 别人 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sān shì chāo biérén de.</span><span class="trans">Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.</span>
*超过 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。<span class="pinyin">Chāoguò sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.</span><span class="trans">More than one thirds of the population of America has passport.</span>
+
*差不多 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。<span class="pinyin">Chàbuduō sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.</span><span class="trans">About one third of Americans have passports.</span>
 
*我们 学校 四 <em>分 之</em> 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào sì <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans">Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.</span>
 
*我们 学校 四 <em>分 之</em> 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào sì <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans">Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.</span>
  
Line 32: Line 30:
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
 +
 +
This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
A + 是 / 占 (+ B + 的) + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
+
A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 41: Line 41:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Zài wǒmen bān, wàiguó xuéshēng zhàn sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">One third of our class are foreign students.</span>
+
*我们 公司 的 外国 员工 <strong></strong> 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng <strong>zhàn</strong> sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">One third of our company's employees are foreigners.</span>
*押金 是 房租 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 二十 。<span class="pinyin">Yājīnyào fù fángzū de <em>bǎifēn zhī</em> èrshí.</span><span class="trans">The deposit is 20% of the rent.</span>
+
*美国 人口 <strong>是</strong> 中国 的 五 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Měiguó rénkǒu <strong>shì</strong> Zhōngguó de wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">The USA's population is one fifth of China's.</span>
*期末 考试 成绩 占 总 成绩 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 三十 。 <span class="pinyin">Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì zhàn zǒng chéngjì de bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> sānshí.</span><span class="trans">The grade of the final exam is 30% of total score.</span>
+
*押金 <strong></strong> 房租 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 二十 。<span class="pinyin">Yājīn <strong>shì</strong> fángzū de <em>bǎifēn zhī</em> èrshí.</span><span class="trans">The deposit is 20% of the rent.</span>
*在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 占 五 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō zhàn wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">In the US, two fifths of the mothers are full-time mother.</span>
+
*期末 考试 成绩 <strong></strong> 总 成绩 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 三十 。 <span class="pinyin">Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì <strong>zhàn</strong> zǒng chéngjì de bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> sānshí.</span><span class="trans">The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.</span>
*加拿大 跟 中国 差不多 大 ,但是 人口 只 有 中国 人口 的 四十 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Jiānádà gēn Zhōngguó chàbuduō dà, dànshì rénkǒu zhī yǒu Zhōngguó rénkǒu de sìshí <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">Canada is almost as big as China, but its population is only one fortieth of China's.</span>
+
*在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 <strong></strong> 五 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō <strong>zhàn</strong> wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
== See also ==
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
Line 55: Line 53:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 18) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|18}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 152-3) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|152-3}}
  
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK4}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|Denominator + 分之 + Numerator|在 我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。|grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|Denominator + 分之 + Numerator|在 我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。|grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
 +
{{Rel char|之}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
{{Used for|Comparing}}
 
 
{{Similar|Expressing "multiples" with "bei"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "multiples" with "bei"}}
 
{{POS|Numbers}}
 
{{POS|Numbers}}

Latest revision as of 08:40, 24 April 2019

Chinese-grammar-wiki-zhi1.jpg

分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.

So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's NOT 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚" is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."

Basic Pattern

Structure

Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Remember that the denominator is the bottom number in a fraction, but it comes first in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.

Examples

  • 我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 分 之 五 了 。Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi fēn zhī wǔ le.My phone only has 5% power left.
  • 这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 分 之 二 。Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān fēn zhī èr.This document is two-thirds downloaded.
  • 这 篇 文章 有 五 分 之 三 是 抄 别人 的 。Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ fēn zhī sān shì chāo biérén de.Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.
  • 差不多 三 分 之 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。Chàbuduō sān fēn zhī yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.About one third of Americans have passports.
  • 我们 学校 四 分 之 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。Wǒmen xuéxiào sì fēn zhī sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."

A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Examples

  • 我们 公司 的 外国 员工 分 之 一 。Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng zhàn sān fēn zhī yī.One third of our company's employees are foreigners.
  • 美国 人口 中国 的 五 分 之 一 。Měiguó rénkǒu shì Zhōngguó de wǔ fēn zhī yī.The USA's population is one fifth of China's.
  • 押金 房租 的 百 分 之 二十 。Yājīn shì fángzū de bǎifēn zhī èrshí.The deposit is 20% of the rent.
  • 期末 考试 成绩 总 成绩 的 百 分 之 三十 。 Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì zhàn zǒng chéngjì de bǎi fēn zhī sānshí.The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.
  • 在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 分 之 二 。Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō zhànfēn zhī èr.In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.

Sources and further reading

Books