Difference between revisions of "Indicating the whole with "quan""

 
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One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a ''whole'' household, an ''entire'' country, the ''whole'' world, etc.
 
One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a ''whole'' household, an ''entire'' country, the ''whole'' world, etc.
  
== Using 全 before Noun ==
+
== Used before Noun ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
The structure is quite simple, just put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day)and the like.  
+
Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate
 +
</div>
  
全 + Noun+都 +Verb
+
The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我们 <em>全</em>家 <em>都</em> 去 旅游 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>quán</em> jiā <em>dōu</em> qù lǚyóu le.</span><span class="trans">The entire family went traveling.</span>
+
*我们 <em>全</em> 家 <em>都</em> 去 过 北京 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>quán</em> jiā <em>dōu</em> qù guo Běijīng.</span><span class="trans">Our entire family has been to Beijing.</span>
*明天 我 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 呆 在 家里。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ <em>quán</em> tiān <em>dōu</em> dāi zài jiālǐ.</span><span class="trans">I am going to stay home all day tomorrow.</span>
+
*<em>全</em> 公司 的 人 <em>都</em> 不 喜欢 新 老板 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> gōngsī de rén <em>dōu</em> bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn.</span><span class="trans">The whole company doesn't like the new boss.</span>
*<em>全</em> 公司 的 人 <em>都</em> 知道 这 件 事 了。<span class="pinyin"> <em>Quán</em> gōngsī de rén <em>dōu</em> zhīdao zhè jiàn shì le.</span><span class="trans">The whole company knew that this thing.</span>
+
*运动 完 以后 我 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 是 汗 。<span class="pinyin">Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ <em>quán</em> shēn <em>dōu</em> shì hàn.</span><span class="trans">My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.</span>
*打 完 球 以后 我 <em>全</em> 是 汗。<span class="pinyin">Dǎ wán qiú yǐhòu wǒ <em>quán</em> shēn dōu shì hàn.</span><span class="trans">My whole body sweat after playing the ball.</span>
+
*<em>全</em> 校 <em></em> 放假 了 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> xiào <em>dōu</em> fàngjià le.</span><span class="trans">The whole school is on break.</span>
*<em>全</em>世界 的 人 <em>都</em> 知道 Obama 是 谁,你 不 知道?<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> shìjiè de rén <em>dōu</em> zhīdao Obama shì shéi, nǐ bù zhīdao?</span><span class="trans">The whole world knows who Obama is. Don't you know?</span>
+
*这个 地方 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 很 热 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège dìfang <em>quán</em> nián <em>dōu</em> hěn rè.</span><span class="trans">This place is hot all year round.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Using 全都 before Verb ==
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== Used before Predicate ==
  
=== Affirmative Pattern ===
+
=== Affirmative Form ===
  
此处的""可以省略,加上""是为了强调整体。
+
Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire."
  
 
==== Structure ====
 
==== Structure ====
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
+
Subj. + 全都 + Predicate
Subj.+全+都+Verb / Adj.
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*大家 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 到 了。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> dào le.</span><span class="trans">Everybody has come.</span>
+
*大家 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 到 了。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> dào le.</span><span class="trans">Everybody has arrived.</span>
*作业 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 做 完 了 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zuò wán le ma?</span><span class="trans">You've finished all your homework?</span>
+
*奶奶 的 头发 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 白 了。<span class="pinyin">Nǎinai de tóufà <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bái le.</span><span class="trans">All of grandma's hair has turned white.</span>
*我 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 听 懂 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> tīng dǒng le.</span><span class="trans">I heard and understood all.</span>
+
*我 妈妈 做 的 菜 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 好吃 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ māma zuò de cài <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.</span>
*<em>全</em> <em>都</em> 拿 走 吧。<span class="pinyin"><em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> ná zǒu ba.</span><span class="trans">Take them all.</span>
+
*作业 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 做 完 了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zuò wán le ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you finished all your homework?</span>
*他 把 咖啡 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 喝 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā bǎ kāfēi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> hē le.</span><span class="trans">He drank up all the coffee.</span>
+
*<em>全</em> <em>都</em> 拿 走 吧。<span class="pinyin"><em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> názǒu ba.</span><span class="trans">Take them all.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Negative Pattern ===
+
=== Negative Form: Total Negation ===
  
 
==== Structure ====
 
==== Structure ====
  
"不、没""全都"后面是全面否定, 表示"None、not at all".
+
When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 ''after'' it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "''none of it''" or "''not at all''."
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
 +
</div>
  
Subj.+全都+不 / 没+Verb / Adj.
+
==== Examples ====
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*他们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 没 去 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi qù.</span><span class="trans">None of them went.</span>
 +
*这个 周末 我们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 在 家 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zhōumò wǒmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bú zài jiā.</span><span class="trans">None of us will be home this weekend.</span>
 +
*你们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 怕 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bú pà ma?</span><span class="trans">Are none of you afraid?</span>
 +
*这些 菜 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 没 熟 。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē cài <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi shú.</span><span class="trans">None of these dishes is fully cooked.</span>
 +
*他 的 话 我 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 相信 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de huà wǒ <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bù xiāngxìn.</span><span class="trans">I don't believe anything he says.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
"不、没"在"全都"前面是部分否定, 表示"not all".
+
=== Negative Pattern: Partial Negation ===
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
==== Structure ====
  
Subj.+不 / 没+全都+Verb / Adj.
+
When you negate by putting 不 or 没 ''before'' 全都, you're only ''partially'' negating. In other words, you're communicating "''not all''."
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*他们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 没 去。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi qù.</span><span class="trans">None of them went.</span>
+
*他 说 得 有 道理 ,但 我 不 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 同意 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> tóngyì.</span><span class="trans">He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.</span>
*这 个 周末 我们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 在 家。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zhōumò wǒmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bù zài jiā.</span><span class="trans">None of us will be home this weekend.</span>
+
*菜 太 多 了 ,我们 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 吃完 。<span class="pinyin">Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> chī wán.</span><span class="trans">The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.</span>
*他 说 的 话 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 要 相信。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō de huà <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bùyào xiāngxìn.</span><span class="trans">Don't believe what he says.</span>
+
*昨天 作业 太 多 了 ,我 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 做完 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zuò wán.</span><span class="trans">I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.</span>
*你们 员工 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 会 说 英语 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen de yuángōng <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bù huì shuō Yīngyǔ ma.</span><span class="trans">None of your employees can't speak English?</span>
+
*家人 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。<span class="pinyin">de jiārén méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ.</span><span class="trans">Not all of my family came to my wedding.</span>
*他们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 没 学 过 汉语。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi xué guò Hànyǔ.</span><span class="trans">None of them have studied Chinese.</span>
+
*你 说 得 太 快 了 , 我 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 记 下来 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> jì xiàlái.</span><span class="trans">You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
+
== See also ==
  
 
*[[Referring to "all" using "suoyou"]]
 
*[[Referring to "all" using "suoyou"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[现代汉语八百词]] (p.457) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001198GSW&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001198GSW →buy]
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{{Source|现代汉语八百词|457}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|全|B1|全 + Noun|我们 <em>全</em>家 都 去 旅游 了。|grammar point|ASGCPDSR}}
+
{{HSK|HSK4}}
 +
{{Basic Grammar|全|B1|全 + Noun|我们 <em>全</em> 家 都 去 旅游 了。|grammar point|ASGCPDSR}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
 
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}   
 
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}   
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{{Used for|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{Used for|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{POS|Adjectives}}
 
{{POS|Adjectives}}
 +
{{Translation|whole}}
 +
{{Translation|all}}

Latest revision as of 09:25, 15 April 2019

One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a whole household, an entire country, the whole world, etc.

Used before Noun

Structure

Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like.

全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • 我们 去 过 北京 。Wǒmen quán jiā dōu qù guo Běijīng.Our entire family has been to Beijing.
  • 公司 的 人 不 喜欢 新 老板 。Quán gōngsī de rén dōu bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn.The whole company doesn't like the new boss.
  • 运动 完 以后 我 是 汗 。Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ quán shēn dōu shì hàn.My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.
  • 放假 了 。Quán xiào dōu fàngjià le.The whole school is on break.
  • 这个 地方 很 热 。Zhège dìfang quán nián dōu hěn rè.This place is hot all year round.

Used before Predicate

Affirmative Form

Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire."

Structure

Subj. + 全都 + Predicate

Examples

  • 大家 到 了。Dàjiā quán dōu dào le.Everybody has arrived.
  • 奶奶 的 头发 白 了。Nǎinai de tóufà quán dōu bái le.All of grandma's hair has turned white.
  • 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 好吃 。Wǒ māma zuò de cài quán dōu hǎochī.All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.
  • 作业 做 完 了 吗 ?Zuòyè quán dōu zuò wán le ma?Have you finished all your homework?
  • 拿 走 吧。quán dōu názǒu ba.Take them all.

Negative Form: Total Negation

Structure

When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 after it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "none of it" or "not at all."

Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

Examples

  • 他们 没 去 。Tāmen quán dōu méi qù.None of them went.
  • 这个 周末 我们 不 在 家 。Zhège zhōumò wǒmen quán dōu bú zài jiā.None of us will be home this weekend.
  • 你们 不 怕 吗 ?Nǐmen quán dōu bú pà ma?Are none of you afraid?
  • 这些 菜 没 熟 。Zhèxiē cài quán dōu méi shú.None of these dishes is fully cooked.
  • 他 的 话 我 不 相信 。Tā de huà wǒ quán dōu bù xiāngxìn.I don't believe anything he says.

Negative Pattern: Partial Negation

Structure

When you negate by putting 不 or 没 before 全都, you're only partially negating. In other words, you're communicating "not all."

Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate

Examples

  • 他 说 得 有 道理 ,但 我 不 同意 。Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù quán dōu tóngyì.He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.
  • 菜 太 多 了 ,我们 没 吃完 。Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi quán dōu chī wán.The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.
  • 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ,我 没 做完 。Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi quán dōu zuò wán.I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.
  • 我 的 家人 没 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。Wǒ de jiārén méi quán dōu lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ.Not all of my family came to my wedding.
  • 你 说 得 太 快 了 , 我 没 记 下来 。Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi quán dōu jì xiàlái.You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books