Difference between revisions of "A1 grammar points"
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
|Basic Sentence Order || N + [V + Obj.] || <span class="liju">我 爱 你 。</span> | |Basic Sentence Order || N + [V + Obj.] || <span class="liju">我 爱 你 。</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Connecting Nouns with "''shi''" || A + 是 + B || <span class="liju">我 是 学生 。 </span> | + | |Connecting Nouns with "''shi''" || A + 是 + B || <span class="liju">我 <em>是</em> 学生 。 </span> |
|- | |- | ||
|Simple "Noun + Adjective" Sentences || N + 很 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 很 饿 。 </span> | |Simple "Noun + Adjective" Sentences || N + 很 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 很 饿 。 </span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing "Excessively" || 太 + Adj + 了 || <span class="liju">太 好 了 ! </span> | + | |Expressing "Excessively" || 太 + Adj + 了 || <span class="liju"><em>太</em> 好 <em>了</em> ! </span> |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Placement of Question Words || 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 || | + | |Placement of Question Words || 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 || <span class="liju">你 是 <em>谁</em> ？你 在 <em>哪儿</em> ？</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Offering Choices as a Question || A + 还是 + B ? || | + | |Offering Choices as a Question || A + 还是 + B ? || <span class="liju">你 要 茶 <em>还是</em> 咖啡 ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Yes/No Questions with "''ma''" || ...吗? || | + | |Yes/No Questions with "''ma''" || ...吗? || <span class="liju">你 爱 我 <em>吗</em> ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |"Verb-Not-Verb" and "Adjective-NotAdjective" Questions || V + 不 + V / Adj + 不 + Adj || | + | |"Verb-Not-Verb" and "Adjective-NotAdjective" Questions || V + 不 + V / Adj + 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">你 <em>爱 不 爱</em> 我 ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Tag Questions with "''ma''" || ⋯是吗?, ⋯对吗?, ⋯好吗? || | + | |Tag Questions with "''ma''" || ⋯是吗?, ⋯对吗?, ⋯好吗? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 吗</em> ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Tag Questions with "''bu''" || ⋯是不是?, 对不对?, ⋯好不好? || | + | |Tag Questions with "''bu''" || ⋯是不是?, 对不对?, ⋯好不好? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 不 好</em> ?</span> |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Structure of Numbers || Number + [Unit] || | + | |Structure of Numbers || Number + [Unit] || <span class="liju">三百 五十九。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Use of "''er''" and "''liang''" for "Two" || 二/两 || | + | |Use of "''er''" and "''liang''" for "Two" || 二/两 || <span class="liju"><em>两</em> 个 人。<em>二</em>十<em>二</em>。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Structure of Dates || Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 号/日 || | + | |Structure of Dates || Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 号/日 || <span class="liju">今天 <em>2011年 11月 11日</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Structure of Days of the Week || 星期/礼拜 + Number || | + | |Structure of Days of the Week || 星期/礼拜 + Number || <span class="liju">今天 <em>星期三</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Structure of Times || Number + 点(种) || | + | |Structure of Times || Number + 点(种) || <span class="liju">现在 <em>十一点</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |All-Purpose Measure Word "''ge''" || Number + 个 + N || | + | |All-Purpose Measure Word "''ge''" || Number + 个 + N || <span class="liju">一 </em>个<em> 人 。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Using the Verb "''jiao''" || 叫 + [Name] || | + | |Using the Verb "''jiao''" || 叫 + [Name] || <span class="liju">你的 名字 <em>叫</em> 什么 ？</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Using the Verb "''xing''" || 姓 + [Surname] || | + | |Using the Verb "''xing''" || 姓 + [Surname] || <span class="liju">你 <em>姓</em> 什么 ？</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Using the Verb "''qu''" || 去 + [Place] || | + | |Using the Verb "''qu''" || 去 + [Place] || <span class="liju">你 <em>去</em> 哪儿 ？</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Standard Negation || 不 + V / 不 + Adj || | + | |Standard Negation || 不 + V / 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>不</em> 爱 你 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Negation of Actions in the Past || 没 + V / 没有 + V || | + | |Negation of Actions in the Past || 没 + V / 没有 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>没</em> 去 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Special Negation: "do not have" || 没 + 有 || | + | |Special Negation: "do not have" || 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">我 <em>没有</em> 钱 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Special "Verb-Not-Verb" Exception: "to have" || 有 + 没 + 有 || | + | |Special "Verb-Not-Verb" Exception: "to have" || 有 + 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">你 <em>有 没有</em> 咖啡 ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Verbing Briefly || V + 一下 || | + | |Verbing Briefly || V + 一下 || <span class="liju">你 <em>看 一下</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Wanting to do Something with "''yao''" || 要 + V || | + | |Wanting to do Something with "''yao''" || 要 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>要</em> 吃 饭 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |"How" to Do Something || 怎么 + V ? || | + | |"How" to Do Something || 怎么 + V ? || <span class="liju"><em>怎么</em> 去 ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Existence with "''you''" || Place + 有⋯ || | + | |Expressing Existence with "''you''" || Place + 有⋯ || <span class="liju">这里 <em>有</em> 咖啡 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing a Learned Skill || 会 + V || | + | |Expressing a Learned Skill || 会 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>会 说</em> 中文 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Permission || 可以 + V || | + | |Expressing Permission || 可以 + V || <span class="liju">你 <em>可以 去</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Ability or Possibility || 能 + V || | + | |Expressing Ability or Possibility || 能 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>能 买</em> 吗 ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Existence in a Place || 在 + Place || | + | |Expressing Existence in a Place || 在 + Place || <span class="liju">老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Actions in a Row || [Verb Phrase 1] + [Verb Phrase 2] || | + | |Actions in a Row || [Verb Phrase 1] + [Verb Phrase 2] || <span class="liju">我 要 <em>回家 吃饭</em> 。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Questions with "''ne''" || ⋯呢? || | + | |Questions with "''ne''" || ⋯呢? || <span class="liju">你 <em>呢</em> ?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Suggestions with "''ba''" || ⋯吧 || | + | |Suggestions with "''ba''" || ⋯吧 || <span class="liju">我们 走 <em>吧</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Possession || N1 + 的 + N2 || | + | |Expressing Possession || N1 + 的 + N2 || <span class="liju">我的 <em>老师</em></span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Possession: Special Cases || N1 + N2 || | + | |Expressing Possession: Special Cases || N1 + N2 || <span class="liju"><em>我 妈妈</em></span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Expressing Experiences with Verbs || V + 过 || | + | |Expressing Experiences with Verbs || V + 过 || <span class="liju">我 <em>去 过</em> 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |The "Also" Adverb || 也 + V / 也 + Adj || | + | |The "Also" Adverb || 也 + V / 也 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>也 爱</em> 你 。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |The "All" Adverb || 都 + V / 都 + Adj || | + | |The "All" Adverb || 都 + V / 都 + Adj || <span class="liju">我们 <em>都 爱</em> 你 。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Levels]] | [[Category:Levels]] | ||
Revision as of 08:06, 8 August 2011
"A1" is the first level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page.
Contents
Basics
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Sentence Order | N + [V + Obj.] | 我 爱 你 。 |
| Connecting Nouns with "shi" | A + 是 + B | 我 是 学生 。 |
| Simple "Noun + Adjective" Sentences | N + 很 + Adj | 我 很 饿 。 |
| Expressing "Excessively" | 太 + Adj + 了 | 太 好 了 ! |
Question Forms
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Placement of Question Words | 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 | 你 是 谁 ？你 在 哪儿 ？ |
| Offering Choices as a Question | A + 还是 + B ? | 你 要 茶 还是 咖啡 ? |
| Yes/No Questions with "ma" | ...吗? | 你 爱 我 吗 ? |
| "Verb-Not-Verb" and "Adjective-NotAdjective" Questions | V + 不 + V / Adj + 不 + Adj | 你 爱 不 爱 我 ? |
| Tag Questions with "ma" | ⋯是吗?, ⋯对吗?, ⋯好吗? | 我们 喝 茶 , 好 吗 ? |
| Tag Questions with "bu" | ⋯是不是?, 对不对?, ⋯好不好? | 我们 喝 茶 , 好 不 好 ? |
Numbers
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Structure of Numbers | Number + [Unit] | 三百 五十九。 |
| Use of "er" and "liang" for "Two" | 二/两 | 两 个 人。二十二。 |
| Structure of Dates | Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 号/日 | 今天 2011年 11月 11日 。 |
| Structure of Days of the Week | 星期/礼拜 + Number | 今天 星期三 。 |
| Structure of Times | Number + 点(种) | 现在 十一点 。 |
| All-Purpose Measure Word "ge" | Number + 个 + N | 一 个 人 。 |
Verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Using the Verb "jiao" | 叫 + [Name] | 你的 名字 叫 什么 ？ |
| Using the Verb "xing" | 姓 + [Surname] | 你 姓 什么 ？ |
| Using the Verb "qu" | 去 + [Place] | 你 去 哪儿 ？ |
| Standard Negation | 不 + V / 不 + Adj | 我 不 爱 你 。 |
| Negation of Actions in the Past | 没 + V / 没有 + V | 我 没 去 。 |
| Special Negation: "do not have" | 没 + 有 | 我 没有 钱 。 |
| Special "Verb-Not-Verb" Exception: "to have" | 有 + 没 + 有 | 你 有 没有 咖啡 ? |
| Verbing Briefly | V + 一下 | 你 看 一下 。 |
| Wanting to do Something with "yao" | 要 + V | 我 要 吃 饭 。 |
| "How" to Do Something | 怎么 + V ? | 怎么 去 ? |
| Expressing Existence with "you" | Place + 有⋯ | 这里 有 咖啡 。 |
| Expressing a Learned Skill | 会 + V | 我 会 说 中文 。 |
| Expressing Permission | 可以 + V | 你 可以 去 。 |
| Expressing Ability or Possibility | 能 + V | 我 能 买 吗 ? |
| Expressing Existence in a Place | 在 + Place | 老师 在 上海 。 |
| Actions in a Row | [Verb Phrase 1] + [Verb Phrase 2] | 我 要 回家 吃饭 。 |
Particles
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Questions with "ne" | ⋯呢? | 你 呢 ? |
| Suggestions with "ba" | ⋯吧 | 我们 走 吧 。 |
| Expressing Possession | N1 + 的 + N2 | 我的 老师 |
| Expressing Possession: Special Cases | N1 + N2 | 我 妈妈 |
| Expressing Experiences with Verbs | V + 过 | 我 去 过 。 |
| The "Also" Adverb | 也 + V / 也 + Adj | 我 也 爱 你 。 |
| The "All" Adverb | 都 + V / 都 + Adj | 我们 都 爱 你 。 |
