Difference between revisions of "B1 grammar points"
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Indicating Extent of an Adjective with "''name''" or "''zheme''" || 那么 / 这么 + Adj || 他怎么那么高! | + | |Indicating Extent of an Adjective with "''name''" or "''zheme''" || 那么 / 这么 + Adj || <span class="liju">他怎么那么高!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Negative Adjectives Extreme with "''-si le''" || Adj + 死了 || 那个孩子难看死了。 | + | |Making Negative Adjectives Extreme with "''-si le''" || Adj + 死了 || <span class="liju">那个孩子难看死了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Positive Adjectives Extreme with "''-ji le''" || Adj + 极了 || 你的中文好极了。 | + | |Making Positive Adjectives Extreme with "''-ji le''" || Adj + 极了 || <span class="liju">你的中文好极了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Reduplication of Adjectives || Adj + Adj || 你应该慢慢地走。 | + | |Reduplication of Adjectives || Adj + Adj || <span class="liju">你应该慢慢地走。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Turning Adjectives into Adverbs Before Verbs || Adj + 地 + V || 你要很认真地学习。 | + | |Turning Adjectives into Adverbs Before Verbs || Adj + 地 + V || <span class="liju">你要很认真地学习。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "And Also" with "''hai''" || 还 + V || 我想去北京,还想去成都。 | + | |Expressing "And Also" with "''hai''" || 还 + V || <span class="liju">我想去北京,还想去成都。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Indicating Lateness with "''cai''" || 才 || 你现在才来啊。 | + | |Indicating Lateness with "''cai''" || 才 || <span class="liju">你现在才来啊。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Indicating Earliness with "''jiu''" || 就 || 我十二岁就上大学了。 | + | |Indicating Earliness with "''jiu''" || 就 || <span class="liju">我十二岁就上大学了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Again" in the Past with "''you''" || 又 + V || 你又迟到了。 | + | |"Again" in the Past with "''you''" || 又 + V || <span class="liju">你又迟到了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Again" in the Future with "''zai''" || 再 + V || 我下次再来。 | + | |"Again" in the Future with "''zai''" || 再 + V || <span class="liju">我下次再来。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Never Again" with "''zai ye bu''" || 再也不 + V || 我再也不喝酒了。 | + | |"Never Again" with "''zai ye bu''" || 再也不 + V || <span class="liju">我再也不喝酒了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Had Better" with "''haishi''" || 还是 + V || 我们还是先吃饭吧。 | + | |"Had Better" with "''haishi''" || 还是 + V || <span class="liju">我们还是先吃饭吧。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Emphasizing with Quantity with "dou" || 大家 / 很多人 + 都…… || 很多人都想减肥。 | + | |Emphasizing with Quantity with "dou" || 大家 / 很多人 + 都…… || <span class="liju">很多人都想减肥。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''zui''" Superlative || 最 + Adj || 你最聪明。 | + | |The "''zui''" Superlative || 最 + Adj || <span class="liju">你最聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Rather" Using "''bijiao''" || 比较 + Adj || 她比较聪明。 | + | |Expressing "Rather" Using "''bijiao''" || 比较 + Adj || <span class="liju">她比较聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "the Same as…" with "''yiyang''" || 跟/和… 一样 || 我和你一样聪明。 | + | |Expressing "the Same as…" with "''yiyang''" || 跟/和… 一样 || <span class="liju">我和你一样聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Equivalent Degree with Adjectives || 一样 + Adj || 我们一样聪明。 | + | |Equivalent Degree with Adjectives || 一样 + Adj || <span class="liju">我们一样聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''bu bi''" || N1 + 不比 + N2 + Adj || 小明不比小刚聪明。 | + | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''bu bi''" || N1 + 不比 + N2 + Adj || <span class="liju">小明不比小刚聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Much More" in Comparisons || N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj + 多了 / 得多 || 我比你高多了。你比我胖得多! | + | |Expressing "Much More" in Comparisons || N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj + 多了 / 得多 || <span class="liju">我比你高多了。你比我胖得多!</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Two Simulataneous Tasks with "''yibian''" || (一)边 + V, (一)边 + V || 我一边看电视,一边吃东西。 | + | |Two Simulataneous Tasks with "''yibian''" || (一)边 + V, (一)边 + V || <span class="liju">我一边看电视,一边吃东西。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Must" Modal "''dei''" || 得 + V || 我得回家了。 | + | |"Must" Modal "''dei''" || 得 + V || <span class="liju">我得回家了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Not at all…" || 一点(儿)也不…… || 你一点也不性感。 | + | |"Not at all…" || 一点(儿)也不…… || <span class="liju">你一点也不性感。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Doing Something "More" with "''duo''" || 多 + V || 多吃点。 | + | |Doing Something "More" with "''duo''" || 多 + V || <span class="liju">多吃点。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Doing Something "Less" with "''shao''" || 少 + V || 废话少说! | + | |Doing Something "Less" with "''shao''" || 少 + V || <span class="liju">废话少说!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"(Mistakenly) Think that…" || 以为…… || 我以为你不我的朋友。 | + | |"(Mistakenly) Think that…" || 以为…… || <span class="liju">我以为你不我的朋友。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Causative Verbs: Making People Do Things || N1 + 让/叫/请 + N2…… || 他让儿子看书。你为什么不让我去? | + | |Causative Verbs: Making People Do Things || N1 + 让/叫/请 + N2…… || <span class="liju">他让儿子看书。你为什么不让我去?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "It Seems that…" with "''haoxiang''…" || 好像…… || 小猫好像饿了。 | + | |Expressing "It Seems that…" with "''haoxiang''…" || 好像…… || <span class="liju">小猫好像饿了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Decribing Appearance with "''kanqilai''" || 看起来…… || 这个看起来很漂亮。 | + | |Decribing Appearance with "''kanqilai''" || 看起来…… || <span class="liju">这个看起来很漂亮。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Separable Verbs || V-Obj / V + …… + Obj || 他离过婚吗? | + | |Separable Verbs || V-Obj / V + …… + Obj || <span class="liju">他离过婚吗?</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Resultative Complements "''dao''" and "''jian''" || V + 到 / 见 || 听到了吗? | + | |Resultative Complements "''dao''" and "''jian''" || V + 到 / 见 || <span class="liju">听到了吗?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-wan''" Resultative Complement || V + 完 || 书看完了。 | + | |The "''-wan''" Resultative Complement || V + 完 || <span class="liju">书看完了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-hao''" Resultative Complement || V + 好 || 饭吃好了。 | + | |The "''-hao''" Resultative Complement || V + 好 || <span class="liju">饭吃好了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-cuo''" Resultative Complement || V + 错 || 这个字是不是写错了? | + | |The "''-cuo''" Resultative Complement || V + 错 || <span class="liju">这个字是不是写错了?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-qilai''" Resultative Complement || V + 起来 || 站起来!说起来容易,做起来难。 | + | |The "''-qilai''" Resultative Complement || V + 起来 || <span class="liju">站起来!说起来容易,做起来难。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-bu xia''" Potential Complement || V + 不下 || 放不下这么多书。我吃不下了。 | + | |The "''-bu xia''" Potential Complement || V + 不下 || <span class="liju">放不下这么多书。我吃不下了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-bu dong''" Potential Complement || V + 不动 || 我太累了,走不动了。 | + | |The "''-bu dong''" Potential Complement || V + 不动 || <span class="liju">我太累了,走不动了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''-xiaqu''" Resultative Complement || V + 下去 || 不能一直这样做下去。 | + | |The "''-xiaqu''" Resultative Complement || V + 下去 || <span class="liju">不能一直这样做下去。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Positive and Negative Potential Complements || V + 得 / 不⋯⋯ || 做得完/做不完。吃得了/吃不了。 | + | |Positive and Negative Potential Complements || V + 得 / 不⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">做得完/做不完。吃得了/吃不了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Descriptive Complements || V/Adj + 得… || 你说得很好。 | + | |Descriptive Complements || V/Adj + 得… || <span class="liju">你说得很好。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using Objects with Complements || (V +) Obj + V + 得 + Complement || 你说中文说得很好。/ 你中文说得很好。 | + | |Using Objects with Complements || (V +) Obj + V + 得 + Complement || <span class="liju">你说中文说得很好。/ 你中文说得很好。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Directional Complements || V (+ Direction) + 来 / 去 || 我们走过去吧。 | + | |Directional Complements || V (+ Direction) + 来 / 去 || <span class="liju">我们走过去吧。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Complements with "''dao''," "''gei''," and "''zai''" || V + 到 / 给 / 在⋯⋯ || 你可以坐在我旁边。你写的文章读给我听。 | + | |Complements with "''dao''," "''gei''," and "''zai''" || V + 到 / 给 / 在⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">你可以坐在我旁边。你写的文章读给我听。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Change of State with "''le''" || ……了 || 今天我25岁了。你的衣服脏了。 | + | |Expressing Change of State with "''le''" || ……了 || <span class="liju">今天我25岁了。你的衣服脏了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Aspectual Particle "''zhe''" || V + 着 || 我在看着你。我们站着说话吧。 | + | |Aspectual Particle "''zhe''" || V + 着 || <span class="liju">我在看着你。我们站着说话吧。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing the Self-Evident with "''ma''" || ……嘛 || 她是女孩子嘛。当然喜欢花。 | + | |Expressing the Self-Evident with "''ma''" || ……嘛 || <span class="liju">她是女孩子嘛。当然喜欢花。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 139: | Line 139: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using "''dui''" || 对 + Noun⋯⋯ || 你应该对我礼貌一点。 | + | |Using "''dui''" || 对 + Noun⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">你应该对我礼貌一点。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using "''xiang''" || 向 + Noun⋯⋯ || 我向她笑了。不要向他道歉。 | + | |Using "''xiang''" || 向 + Noun⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">我向她笑了。不要向他道歉。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using "''gen''" || 跟 + Noun⋯⋯ || 这跟我们每关系。不要跟我靠玩笑。 | + | |Using "''gen''" || 跟 + Noun⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">这跟我们每关系。不要跟我靠玩笑。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 152: | Line 152: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Then…" with "''name''" || 那么…… || 那么,我们怎么办? | + | |"Then…" with "''name''" || 那么…… || <span class="liju">那么,我们怎么办?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"In Addition" with "''zaishuo''" || 再说…… || 再说,时间不早了。 | + | |"In Addition" with "''zaishuo''" || 再说…… || <span class="liju">再说,时间不早了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |A Softer "But" || ……,不过…… || 不过我赶时间。 | + | |A Softer "But" || ……,不过…… || <span class="liju">不过我赶时间。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "In Addition" with "''haiyou''" || 还有 + N || 厨房里还有苹果。 | + | |Expressing "In Addition" with "''haiyou''" || 还有 + N || <span class="liju">厨房里还有苹果。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Sequencing Past Events with "''houlai''" || ……,后来…… || 开始他不同意, 但后来同意了。 | + | |Sequencing Past Events with "''houlai''" || ……,后来…… || <span class="liju">开始他不同意, 但后来同意了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Before and After with "''zhiqian''" and "''zhihou''" || 之前 / 之后 || 在十天之前。 | + | |Before and After with "''zhiqian''" and "''zhihou''" || <span class="liju">之前 / 之后 || 在十天之前。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Saying "Ever Since" with "''yilai''" || …以来 || 八月份以来。 | + | |Saying "Ever Since" with "''yilai''" || …以来 || <span class="liju">八月份以来。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 180: | Line 180: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |"One of" with "…''zhi yi''" || ...之一 || 你是我最好的朋友之一。 | + | |"One of" with "…''zhi yi''" || ...之一 || <span class="liju">你是我最好的朋友之一。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Some" Using "''yixie''" || 一些 || 给我一些水果。 | + | |"Some" Using "''yixie''" || 一些 || <span class="liju">给我一些水果。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Indicating a Number in Excess || Number + 多 || 三十多岁 | + | |Indicating a Number in Excess || Number + 多 || <span class="liju">三十多岁</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 193: | Line 193: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Big Numbers || 万 / 亿 || 中国的人口是十三亿。 | + | |Big Numbers || 万 / 亿 || <span class="liju">中国的人口是十三亿。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words for Counting || Number + MW + N || 三位医生。一杯水。 | + | |Measure Words for Counting || Number + MW + N || <span class="liju">三位医生。一杯水。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words in Quantity Questions || 几 + MW (+ N) ? || 几头牛?几杯水? | + | |Measure Words in Quantity Questions || 几 + MW (+ N) ? || <span class="liju">几头牛?几杯水?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words to Differentiate || 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) || 那辆车。这杯水。 | + | |Measure Words to Differentiate || 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) || <span class="liju">那辆车。这杯水。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words for Verbs || V + Number + MW || 做三次。拍两下。 | + | |Measure Words for Verbs || V + Number + MW || <span class="liju">做三次。拍两下。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Cause and Effect with "''yinwei''" and "''suoyi''" || 因为… 所以… || 因为饿了,所以吃饭。 | + | |Cause and Effect with "''yinwei''" and "''suoyi''" || 因为… 所以… || <span class="liju">因为饿了,所以吃饭。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Although" with "''suiran''" and "''danshi''" || 虽然… 但是… || 虽然渴了,但是不想喝啤酒。 | + | |"Although" with "''suiran''" and "''danshi''" || 虽然… 但是… || <span class="liju">虽然渴了,但是不想喝啤酒。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Even" with "''lian''" and "''dou''" || 连… 都/也… || 你连小狗都怕? | + | |Expressing "Even" with "''lian''" and "''dou''" || 连… 都/也… || <span class="liju">你连小狗都怕?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"From… To…" with "''cong… dao…''" || 从… 到… || 我从1号到5号一直在台北。 | + | |"From… To…" with "''cong… dao…''" || 从… 到… || <span class="liju">我从1号到5号一直在台北。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Sentences with "''ba''" || 把 + N + V…… || 我把书看完了。 | + | |Sentences with "''ba''" || 把 + N + V…… || <span class="liju">我把书看完了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Passive Sentences with "''bei''" || 被 + V || 书被人偷了。 | + | |Passive Sentences with "''bei''" || 被 + V || <span class="liju">书被人偷了。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Except" and "In addition" with "''chule… yiwai''" || 除了……(以外),还…… || 除了你,还有我。 | + | |"Except" and "In addition" with "''chule… yiwai''" || 除了……(以外),还…… || <span class="liju">除了你,还有我。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "More and More" with "''yue… yue…''" || 越… 越… || 天气越冷,我穿得越多。 | + | |Expressing "More and More" with "''yue… yue…''" || 越… 越… || <span class="liju">天气越冷,我穿得越多。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Referring to "All" Using "''suoyou''" || 所有… 都… || 不是所有人都很聪明。 | + | |Referring to "All" Using "''suoyou''" || 所有… 都… || <span class="liju">不是所有人都很聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "All" with "''shenme dou''" || 什么都/也 || 我什么都知道。 | + | |Expressing "All" with "''shenme dou''" || 什么都/也 || <span class="liju">我什么都知道。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Every" with "''mei''" and "''dou''" || 每⋯⋯都⋯⋯ || 每次她来我都不在。 | + | |Expressing "Every" with "''mei''" and "''dou''" || 每⋯⋯都⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">每次她来我都不在。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Everyone" with "''shei''" || 谁都/也 || 谁都不知道答案。 | + | |Expressing "Everyone" with "''shei''" || 谁都/也 || <span class="liju">谁都不知道答案。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The Pattern "It's not…, it's…" || 不是… 是… || 不是问题,是机会。 | + | |The Pattern "It's not…, it's…" || 不是… 是… || <span class="liju">不是问题,是机会。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "''shi… de''" Construction || 是… 的 || 你是哪里来的?/ 你是怎么来的? | + | |The "''shi… de''" Construction || 是… 的 || <span class="liju">你是哪里来的?/ 你是怎么来的?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Sequencing with "''xian''" and "''zai''" || 先… 再… || 先洗手,再吃饭。 | + | |Sequencing with "''xian''" and "''zai''" || 先… 再… || <span class="liju">先洗手,再吃饭。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Conceding a Point with "''shi''" || Adj + 是 + Adj, 但是… || 好是好,但不便宜。 | + | |Conceding a Point with "''shi''" || Adj + 是 + Adj, 但是… || <span class="liju">好是好,但不便宜。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"If…, then…" with "''ruguo…, jiu…''" || 如果……,就…… || 如果做好了,就可以回家。 | + | |"If…, then…" with "''ruguo…, jiu…''" || 如果……,就…… || <span class="liju">如果做好了,就可以回家。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The "If" Sandwich Pattern || 如果……(的话),…… || 如果你不来的话,老师会很失望。 | + | |The "If" Sandwich Pattern || 如果……(的话),…… || <span class="liju">如果你不来的话,老师会很失望。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Not Only… But Also" || 不但……,而且…… || 他不但聪明,而且勤劳。 | + | |Expressing "Not Only… But Also" || 不但……,而且…… || <span class="liju">他不但聪明,而且勤劳。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Not Knowing How to Do Something Using "hao" || 不知道…… 好 || 我不知道怎么做才好。 | + | |Expressing Not Knowing How to Do Something Using "hao" || 不知道…… 好 || <span class="liju">我不知道怎么做才好。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Topic-Comment Sentences || Topic,Comment || 工作的事我们以后再讨论。 | + | |Topic-Comment Sentences || Topic,Comment || <span class="liju">工作的事我们以后再讨论。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Levels]] | [[Category:Levels]] |
Revision as of 10:12, 8 August 2011
"B1" is the third level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page.
Contents
Adjectives
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Indicating Extent of an Adjective with "name" or "zheme" | 那么 / 这么 + Adj | 他怎么那么高! |
Making Negative Adjectives Extreme with "-si le" | Adj + 死了 | 那个孩子难看死了。 |
Making Positive Adjectives Extreme with "-ji le" | Adj + 极了 | 你的中文好极了。 |
Reduplication of Adjectives | Adj + Adj | 你应该慢慢地走。 |
Turning Adjectives into Adverbs Before Verbs | Adj + 地 + V | 你要很认真地学习。 |
Adverbs
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Expressing "And Also" with "hai" | 还 + V | 我想去北京,还想去成都。 |
Indicating Lateness with "cai" | 才 | 你现在才来啊。 |
Indicating Earliness with "jiu" | 就 | 我十二岁就上大学了。 |
"Again" in the Past with "you" | 又 + V | 你又迟到了。 |
"Again" in the Future with "zai" | 再 + V | 我下次再来。 |
"Never Again" with "zai ye bu" | 再也不 + V | 我再也不喝酒了。 |
"Had Better" with "haishi" | 还是 + V | 我们还是先吃饭吧。 |
Emphasizing with Quantity with "dou" | 大家 / 很多人 + 都…… | 很多人都想减肥。 |
Comparisons
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
The "zui" Superlative | 最 + Adj | 你最聪明。 |
Expressing "Rather" Using "bijiao" | 比较 + Adj | 她比较聪明。 |
Expressing "the Same as…" with "yiyang" | 跟/和… 一样 | 我和你一样聪明。 |
Equivalent Degree with Adjectives | 一样 + Adj | 我们一样聪明。 |
Making Basic Comparisons with "bu bi" | N1 + 不比 + N2 + Adj | 小明不比小刚聪明。 |
Expressing "Much More" in Comparisons | N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj + 多了 / 得多 | 我比你高多了。你比我胖得多! |
Verbs
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Two Simulataneous Tasks with "yibian" | (一)边 + V, (一)边 + V | 我一边看电视,一边吃东西。 |
"Must" Modal "dei" | 得 + V | 我得回家了。 |
"Not at all…" | 一点(儿)也不…… | 你一点也不性感。 |
Doing Something "More" with "duo" | 多 + V | 多吃点。 |
Doing Something "Less" with "shao" | 少 + V | 废话少说! |
"(Mistakenly) Think that…" | 以为…… | 我以为你不我的朋友。 |
Causative Verbs: Making People Do Things | N1 + 让/叫/请 + N2…… | 他让儿子看书。你为什么不让我去? |
Expressing "It Seems that…" with "haoxiang…" | 好像…… | 小猫好像饿了。 |
Decribing Appearance with "kanqilai" | 看起来…… | 这个看起来很漂亮。 |
Separable Verbs | V-Obj / V + …… + Obj | 他离过婚吗? |
Complements
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Resultative Complements "dao" and "jian" | V + 到 / 见 | 听到了吗? |
The "-wan" Resultative Complement | V + 完 | 书看完了。 |
The "-hao" Resultative Complement | V + 好 | 饭吃好了。 |
The "-cuo" Resultative Complement | V + 错 | 这个字是不是写错了? |
The "-qilai" Resultative Complement | V + 起来 | 站起来!说起来容易,做起来难。 |
The "-bu xia" Potential Complement | V + 不下 | 放不下这么多书。我吃不下了。 |
The "-bu dong" Potential Complement | V + 不动 | 我太累了,走不动了。 |
The "-xiaqu" Resultative Complement | V + 下去 | 不能一直这样做下去。 |
Positive and Negative Potential Complements | V + 得 / 不⋯⋯ | 做得完/做不完。吃得了/吃不了。 |
Descriptive Complements | V/Adj + 得… | 你说得很好。 |
Using Objects with Complements | (V +) Obj + V + 得 + Complement | 你说中文说得很好。/ 你中文说得很好。 |
Directional Complements | V (+ Direction) + 来 / 去 | 我们走过去吧。 |
Complements with "dao," "gei," and "zai" | V + 到 / 给 / 在⋯⋯ | 你可以坐在我旁边。你写的文章读给我听。 |
Particles
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Expressing Change of State with "le" | ……了 | 今天我25岁了。你的衣服脏了。 |
Aspectual Particle "zhe" | V + 着 | 我在看着你。我们站着说话吧。 |
Expressing the Self-Evident with "ma" | ……嘛 | 她是女孩子嘛。当然喜欢花。 |
Prepositions
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Using "dui" | 对 + Noun⋯⋯ | 你应该对我礼貌一点。 |
Using "xiang" | 向 + Noun⋯⋯ | 我向她笑了。不要向他道歉。 |
Using "gen" | 跟 + Noun⋯⋯ | 这跟我们每关系。不要跟我靠玩笑。 |
Connectors
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
"Then…" with "name" | 那么…… | 那么,我们怎么办? |
"In Addition" with "zaishuo" | 再说…… | 再说,时间不早了。 |
A Softer "But" | ……,不过…… | 不过我赶时间。 |
Expressing "In Addition" with "haiyou" | 还有 + N | 厨房里还有苹果。 |
Time
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Sequencing Past Events with "houlai" | ……,后来…… | 开始他不同意, 但后来同意了。 |
Before and After with "zhiqian" and "zhihou" | 之前 / 之后 | 在十天之前。 |
Saying "Ever Since" with "yilai" | …以来 | 八月份以来。 |
Noun Phrases
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
"One of" with "…zhi yi" | ...之一 | 你是我最好的朋友之一。 |
"Some" Using "yixie" | 一些 | 给我一些水果。 |
Indicating a Number in Excess | Number + 多 | 三十多岁 |
Numbers and Measure Words
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Big Numbers | 万 / 亿 | 中国的人口是十三亿。 |
Measure Words for Counting | Number + MW + N | 三位医生。一杯水。 |
Measure Words in Quantity Questions | 几 + MW (+ N) ? | 几头牛?几杯水? |
Measure Words to Differentiate | 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) | 那辆车。这杯水。 |
Measure Words for Verbs | V + Number + MW | 做三次。拍两下。 |
Sentence Patterns
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Cause and Effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" | 因为… 所以… | 因为饿了,所以吃饭。 |
"Although" with "suiran" and "danshi" | 虽然… 但是… | 虽然渴了,但是不想喝啤酒。 |
Expressing "Even" with "lian" and "dou" | 连… 都/也… | 你连小狗都怕? |
"From… To…" with "cong… dao…" | 从… 到… | 我从1号到5号一直在台北。 |
Sentences with "ba" | 把 + N + V…… | 我把书看完了。 |
Passive Sentences with "bei" | 被 + V | 书被人偷了。 |
"Except" and "In addition" with "chule… yiwai" | 除了……(以外),还…… | 除了你,还有我。 |
Expressing "More and More" with "yue… yue…" | 越… 越… | 天气越冷,我穿得越多。 |
Referring to "All" Using "suoyou" | 所有… 都… | 不是所有人都很聪明。 |
Expressing "All" with "shenme dou" | 什么都/也 | 我什么都知道。 |
Expressing "Every" with "mei" and "dou" | 每⋯⋯都⋯⋯ | 每次她来我都不在。 |
Expressing "Everyone" with "shei" | 谁都/也 | 谁都不知道答案。 |
The Pattern "It's not…, it's…" | 不是… 是… | 不是问题,是机会。 |
The "shi… de" Construction | 是… 的 | 你是哪里来的?/ 你是怎么来的? |
Sequencing with "xian" and "zai" | 先… 再… | 先洗手,再吃饭。 |
Conceding a Point with "shi" | Adj + 是 + Adj, 但是… | 好是好,但不便宜。 |
"If…, then…" with "ruguo…, jiu…" | 如果……,就…… | 如果做好了,就可以回家。 |
The "If" Sandwich Pattern | 如果……(的话),…… | 如果你不来的话,老师会很失望。 |
Expressing "Not Only… But Also" | 不但……,而且…… | 他不但聪明,而且勤劳。 |
Expressing Not Knowing How to Do Something Using "hao" | 不知道…… 好 | 我不知道怎么做才好。 |
Topic-Comment Sentences | Topic,Comment | 工作的事我们以后再讨论。 |