Difference between revisions of "Expressing "with" with "gen""
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Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be ''with'' you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many sentence structures.  
 
Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be ''with'' you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many sentence structures.  
  
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=== Structure ===
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== Structure ==
  
 
The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with."  Just remember that the "with" phrase comes ''before the verb''.
 
The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with."  Just remember that the "with" phrase comes ''before the verb''.
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The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something ''together with'' somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both.
 
The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something ''together with'' somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both.
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 +
Also, for most of the examples below, 跟 (gēn) is interchangeable with 和 (hé), which you may remember,  also means "[[and]]," just like 跟 (gēn) does.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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Certain Chinese [[verb]]s use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)!
 
Certain Chinese [[verb]]s use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)!
  
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=== Examples ===
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== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
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<li class="x">你 有没有 <strong>见面</strong> 过 Obama? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> guò Obama? </span></li>
 
<li class="x">你 有没有 <strong>见面</strong> 过 Obama? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> guò Obama? </span></li>
 
<li class="o">你 有没有 <em>跟</em> Obama <strong>见过面</strong>？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <em>gēn</em> Obama <strong>jiànguòmiàn</strong>? </span><span class="trans">Have you ever met Obama? </span></li>
 
<li class="o">你 有没有 <em>跟</em> Obama <strong>见过面</strong>？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <em>gēn</em> Obama <strong>jiànguòmiàn</strong>? </span><span class="trans">Have you ever met Obama? </span></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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Later on you'll learn more about [[separable verb|why this is the case]], but for now just memorize the correct pattern.
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== Where 和 and 跟 Differ ==
  
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We mentioned earlier that 跟 (gēn) is essentially interchangeable with 和 (hé).  There's at least one common usage where this is not the case, though:
  
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<ul>
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<li class="x"><strong>和</strong> 我 读 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hé</strong>  wǒ dú.</span></li>
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<li class="o"><strong>跟</strong> 我 读 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Gēn</strong>  wǒ dú.</span>. </span><span class="trans">Read after me.</span></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
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</div>
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The reason is that although 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé) can both mean "and" or "with," the word 跟 (gēn) also has a sense of "to follow" embedded in it. There's a before/after aspect.
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 +
The following sentences are both correct, because they're simultaneous rather than before/after:
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 +
<ul>
 +
<li class="o"><strong>和</strong> 我 <strong>一起</strong> 读 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hé</strong>  wǒ dú.</span></li>
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<li class="o"><strong>跟</strong> 我 <strong>一起</strong> 读 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Gēn</strong>  wǒ dú.</span>. </span><span class="trans">Read with me.</span></li>
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</ul>
  
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Later on you'll learn more about [[separable verb|why this is the case]], but for now just memorize the correct pattern.
+
Because of this slight difference between 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé), it's recommended to start out using 跟 (gēn) to mean "with."
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 +
 
*[[Expressing "together" with "yiqi"]]
 
*[[Expressing "together" with "yiqi"]]
 
*[[Verbs with "gei"]]
 
*[[Verbs with "gei"]]

Revision as of 02:04, 16 February 2016

Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be with you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many sentence structures.

Structure

The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with." Just remember that the "with" phrase comes before the verb.

Subj. + 跟 + Person + Verb + Obj.

The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something together with somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both.

Also, for most of the examples below, 跟 (gēn) is interchangeable with 和 (hé), which you may remember, also means "and," just like 跟 (gēn) does.

Subj. + 跟 + Person + 一起 + Verb + Obj.

Certain Chinese verbs use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)!

Examples

  • 我 昨天 跟 朋友 去 酒吧 了。Wǒ zuótiān gēn péngyou qù jiǔbā le. I went to the bar with friends yesterday.
  • 不要 跟 我 说话！Bùyào gēn wǒ shuōhuà! Don't talk to me!
  • 我 明天 要 跟 新 客户 见面。(This is one of those verbs that often appears with 跟) Wǒ míngtiān yào gēn xīn kèhù jiànmiàn. I'm going to meet new clients tomorrow.
  • 你 什么 时候 跟 你 女朋友 结婚？ (This is one of those verbs that often appears with 跟)Nǐ shénme shíhou gēn nǐ nǚpéngyou jiéhūn? When are you gonna marry your girlfriend?
  • 你 喜欢 跟 你父母 聊天 吗？ (This is one of those verbs that often appears with 跟)Nǐ xǐhuan gēn nǐ fùmǔ liáotiān ma? Do you like to talk with your parents?
  • 你 想 跟 我 一起 去 吗？ Nǐ xiǎng gēn wǒ yīqǐ qù ma? Do you want to go with me?
  • 请 你们 跟 老师 一起 读 。Qǐng nǐmen gēn lǎoshī yīqǐ dú . Please read together with the teacher.
  • 下周 谁 跟 老板 一起 出差？Xiàzhōu shéi gēn lǎobǎn yīqǐ chūchāi? Who is going on a business trip together with the boss next week?
  • 结婚 以后，你 想 跟 父母 一起 住 吗？Jiéhūn yǐhòu, nǐ xiǎng gēn fùmǔ yīqǐ zhù ma? Do you want live together with your parents after you get married?
  • 今年 中秋节 你 会 跟 家人一起 过 吗？Jīnnián Zhōngqiūjié nǐ huì gēn jiārén yīqǐ guò ma? Are you going to spent this Mid-Autumn Festival with your family?

Note: One of the most common beginner mistakes is to fail to use 跟 (gēn) with 见面 (jiànmiàn), "to meet." It might help to think of 见面 (jiànmiàn) as "to meet with (somebody)," the "with" cluing you into the fact that you need a 跟 (gēn) in there.

Check out the examples below:

  • 我 要 见面 你。Wǒ yào jiànmiàn nǐ.
  • 我 要 跟 你 见面。Wǒ yào gēn nǐ jiànmiàn . I want to meet (with) you.
  • 我 昨天 见面 他 了。Wǒ zuótiān jiànmiàn tā le.
  • 我 昨天 跟 他 见面 了。Wǒ zuótiān gēn tā jiànmiàn le. I met with him yesterday.
  • 你 什么时候 见面 她 ？Nǐ shénme shíhou jiànmiàn tā?
  • 你 什么时候 跟 她 见面 ？Nǐ shénme shíhou gēn tā jiànmiàn ? When are you going to meet (with) her?
  • 明天 我 要见面 我 男朋友 的 家人。Míngtiān wǒ yào jiànmiàn wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén.
  • 明天 我 要 跟 我 男朋友 的 家人 见面。Míngtiān wǒ yào gēn wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén jiànmiàn. Tomorrow I am going to meet my boyfriend's family.
  • 你 有没有 见面 过 Obama? Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu jiànmiàn guò Obama?
  • 你 有没有 跟 Obama 见过面？Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu gēn Obama jiànguòmiàn? Have you ever met Obama?

Later on you'll learn more about why this is the case, but for now just memorize the correct pattern.

Where 和 and 跟 Differ

We mentioned earlier that 跟 (gēn) is essentially interchangeable with 和 (hé). There's at least one common usage where this is not the case, though:

  • 和 我 读 。Hé wǒ dú.
  • 跟 我 读 。Gēn wǒ dú.. Read after me.

The reason is that although 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé) can both mean "and" or "with," the word 跟 (gēn) also has a sense of "to follow" embedded in it. There's a before/after aspect.

The following sentences are both correct, because they're simultaneous rather than before/after:

  • 和 我 一起 读 。Hé wǒ dú.
  • 跟 我 一起 读 。Gēn wǒ dú.. Read with me.

Because of this slight difference between 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé), it's recommended to start out using 跟 (gēn) to mean "with."

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

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