Difference between revisions of "Potential complements"
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== Basic Potential Complement == | == Basic Potential Complement == | ||
| − | 从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语" | + | 从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。 |
| − | === Structure === | + | === 常见的跟结果补语有关的例子 === |
| + | |||
| + | * Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见 | ||
| + | * Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂 | ||
| + | * Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完 | ||
| + | * Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 想到 做到 | ||
| + | * Verb + 形容词 e.g. 做对 写错 看清楚 听明白 洗干净 | ||
| + | * Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进来 出去 走过去 爬上去 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Structure ==== | ||
[[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''. | [[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''. | ||
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Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive). | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive). | ||
| − | === Examples === | + | ==== Examples ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | * 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span> |
| − | * | + | * 他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>de</em> wán </span> <span class="trans"> </span> |
| − | * | + | * 在 上海 买 <em>不</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> </span> |
| − | * | + | |
| − | * | + | * 找 <em>得</em> 到 <span class="pinyin"> <em>de</em> </span><span class="trans"> can find it </span> |
| + | * 找 <em>不</em> 到 <span class="pinyin"> <em>bu</em> </span><span class="trans"> can't find it </span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 想 <em>不</em> 到 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span> | ||
* 我 买 <em>得</em> 起 那 套 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>de</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can afford (to buy) that apartment.</span> | * 我 买 <em>得</em> 起 那 套 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>de</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can afford (to buy) that apartment.</span> | ||
* 我 吃 <em>得</em> 下。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>de</em> xià.</span><span class="trans">I can eat more.</span> | * 我 吃 <em>得</em> 下。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>de</em> xià.</span><span class="trans">I can eat more.</span> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
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== Special Potential Complement == | == Special Potential Complement == | ||
Revision as of 05:13, 5 April 2017
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Used for
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Keywords
Verbs can take potential complements that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
Contents
Basic Potential Complement
从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。
常见的跟结果补语有关的例子
- Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
- Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
- Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
- Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 想到 做到
- Verb + 形容词 e.g. 做对 写错 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
- Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进来 出去 走过去 爬上去
Structure
Potential complements can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something can happen or that it can't.
Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
Here the complement is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
Examples
- 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 不 见 。 can't do it all
- 他 一个人 吃 得 完 这么 多 饭 吗？
- 在 上海 买 不 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。
- 找 得 到 can find it
- 找 不 到 can't find it
- 想 不 到 I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 我 买 得 起 那 套 房子 。I can afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 我 吃 得 下。I can eat more.
- 我 吃 不 下 了。I can't eat any more.
Special Potential Complement
Structure
Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
Here the complement is the second part of the potential complement after 不 (negative).
See also
Sources and and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 71) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 191) →buy
- Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) (pp. 197) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (pp. 291) →buy
- Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) (pp. 125) →buy
- Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2) (pp. 63) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 99) →buy
Websites
Yale
