Difference between revisions of "Potential complements"
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
* Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂 | * Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂 | ||
* Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完 | * Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完 | ||
| − | * Verb + | + | * Verb + Adj. e.g. 看清楚 听明白 洗干净 |
* Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到 | * Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到 | ||
* Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去 | * Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去 | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | 去不了 | ||
| + | 穿不了 | ||
| + | 帮不了 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| Line 67: | Line 73: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. | + | This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。 |
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | 买不起 | ||
| + | 租不起 | ||
| + | 吃不起 | ||
| + | 穿不起 | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| Line 75: | Line 92: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. | + | This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。 |
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * 我 的 车 太 小，坐 <em>不 下</em> 五 个 人。<span class="pinyin"> xiǎo, zuò <em>bu</em> xià gè rén.</span><span class="trans">This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.</span> | ||
| + | * 我 吃 饱 了，真的 吃 <em>不</em> 下 了。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span> | ||
| + | * 她 拿 <em>得</em> 下 那么 多 东西 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span> | ||
| + | * 你 家 住 <em>得</em> 下 这么 多 人 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
| − | |||
* [[Potential complement "bu xia"]] | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]] | ||
* [[Potential complement "bu dong"]] | * [[Potential complement "bu dong"]] | ||
Revision as of 06:26, 5 April 2017
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Used for
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Keywords
Verbs can take potential complements that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
Contents
Basic Potential Complement
从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。
常见的例子
- Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
- Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
- Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
- Verb + Adj. e.g. 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
- Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到
- Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去
Structure
Potential complements can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something can happen or that it can't.
Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
Here the complement is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
Examples
- 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 不 见 。 can't do it all
- 他 一个人 吃 得 完 这么 多 饭 吗？
- 我 找 不 到 我 的 手机 了。 can find it
- 我 没 戴 眼镜，看 不 清楚 。 can't do it all
- 这 件 衣服 太 脏 了，我 洗 不 干净 。 can't do it all
- 在 上海 买 不 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。
- 我 觉得 在 学校 里 学 不 到 很多 有用 的 东西。I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 门 太 小 了，我 的 车 进 不 去。
- 前面 的 车 都 停 了，我们 开 不 过去 。I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 这么 高 的 山，你 爬 得 上去 吗？I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
More Advanced Potential Complement
Most Frequently Used Patterns
Verb + 得 / 不 + 了
This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.
Examples
去不了 穿不了 帮不了
Verb + 得 / 不 + 起
This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。
Examples
买不起 租不起 吃不起 穿不起
Verb + 得 / 不 + 下
This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。
Examples
- 我 的 车 太 小，坐 不 下 五 个 人。This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.
- 我 吃 饱 了，真的 吃 不 下 了。 can't do it all
- 她 拿 得 下 那么 多 东西 吗？ can't do it all
- 你 家 住 得 下 这么 多 人 吗？ can't do it all
See also
Sources and and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 71) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 191) →buy
- Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) (pp. 197) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (pp. 291) →buy
- Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) (pp. 125) →buy
- Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2) (pp. 63) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 99) →buy
Websites
Yale
