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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT [[Comparing "duiyu" and "zhiyu"]] |
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| − | The differences between 关于 (guānyú), 对于 (duìyú), and 至于 (zhìyú) can be confusing. They all have similar meanings like "concerning", "regarding" or "as for." Learn what they are in this article!
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| − | == 关于 emphasizes range ==
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| − | 关于 usually points to a range or scope. It can be used in a few ways: as an adverb or adverbial clause, as an attributive modifier or it can appear as part of the title of an article.
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| − | | |
| − | === Structure 1 ===
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| − | As an adverb/adverbial clause, it can only be placed before the subject.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 关于 + Obj. + Subj. + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 汉语语法，我知道的不多。<span class="trans">As for Chinese, I know a bit.</span>
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 她，我 还 有 很 多 问题 要 问。<span class="trans">As for her, I still have a lot of questions that I need to ask.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | === Structure 2 ===
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| − | As an attributive modifier, it is usually placed after the verb, and you should always add a 的.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 关于 + Modifier + 的 + Noun
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 你 有 <em>关于</em> 这 次 会议 的 PPT 吗？<span class="trans">Did you have anything to do with this meeting's Powerpoint?</span>
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| − | * 这 是 一 份 <em>关于</em> 中国 市场 的 报告，请 你 看 一下。<span class="trans">This is a report about the Chinese markets. Please take a look at it.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Structure 3 ===
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| − | It can also be used in the title of an article.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 关于 + Modifier + 的 + Noun.
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 关于 + Obj.
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 部门 调整 和 人事 安排 <span class="trans">"Regarding Department Adjustments and Human Affairs"</span>
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 新年 放假 的通知 <span class="trans">A Notification regarding New Year vacations.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 对于 emphasizes the object referred to ==
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| − | 对于 usually emphasizes the thing that it is pointing to. Usually where you use 对 you can use 对于.
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| − | | |
| − | === Structure ===
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| − | As an adverb or adverbial clause, you can place if before or after the subject. It cannot be an attributive modifier.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subj. + 对于 + Modifier + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 对于 + Modifier， Subj. + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>对于</em> 这 种 人，就 不 该 跟 他们 讲 道理。<span class="trans">As for this kind of person, you are not supposed to reason with them.</span>
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| − | * <em>对于</em> 电脑，我 什么 都 不 懂。<span class="trans">I don't understand anything about computers.</span>
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| − | * 我 <em>对于</em> 电脑 什么 都 不 懂。<span class="trans">I don't understand anything about computers.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Special conditions ===
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| − | Sometimes, 关于 and 对于 don't have any differences at all, however those instances are few. For example:
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| − | ===== Examples =====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>对于</em> 这个问题，我没有意见。<span class="trans">As for this problem, I don't have any ideas.</span>
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 这个问题，我没有意见。<span class="trans">As for this problem, I don't have any ideas.</span>
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| − | * <em>对于</em> 这个话题，我觉得没什么可以讨论的。<span class="trans">For this topic, I don't think there is anything to be discussed.</span>
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| − | * <em>关于</em> 这个话题，我觉得没什么可以讨论的。<span class="trans">For this topic, I don't think there is anything to be discussed.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 至于 can change the topic ==
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | As a preposition, it points to another topic, and emphasizes changing the subject of conversation.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 至于 + Topic，Subj. + Verb Phrase
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我们 要 开始 这 个 项目 了，<em>至于</em> 什么 时候 开始，还 没 定。<span class="trans">We're going to start this project, but we still haven't decided when.</span>
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| − | * <em>至于</em> 这 个 问题，我们 还 需要 进一步 讨论。<span class="trans">For this problem, we need a further discussion.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 至于 can also emphasize degree ==
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | As an adverb, it expresses "having reached a certain degree or step." After it you can link it to words or phrases that describe degree. You can also say 至于 by itself or use 不至于.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | （不）至于 + Degree
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 这 点 小 事情，<em>至于</em> 这么 生气 吗？<span class="trans">With such a small thing, why are you so angry?</span>
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| − | * 我 是 不 高兴，但 <em>不至于</em> 不 跟 你 说话。<span class="trans">I'm not happy, but not to the point that I won't talk with you.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Examples of right and wrong sentences ==
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li class="x">你 <em>关于</em> 这 个 问题 怎么 看？</li>
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| − | <li class="o"><em>关于</em> 这 个 问题， 你 怎么 看？</li>
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| − | <li class="x"><em>关于</em> 他 的 无礼，你 是不是 不 太 高兴？</li>
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| − | <li class="o"><em>对于</em> 他 的 无礼，你 是不是 不 太 高兴？</li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Example Dialog ==
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * A: 我们 今天 的 会议 内容 是 讨论 一下 <em>关于</em> 开发 中国 市场 的 问题。<span class="trans">The content of today's meeting is a discussion about the problems in developing China's markets.</span>
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| − | * B: 我 的 意见 是 <em>对于</em> 中国 市场 我们 还 不 了解，最好 是 再 等等。<span class="trans">My opinion towards the Chinese markets is that we still don't understand. The best thing is to wait some more.</span>
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| − | * A: <em>对于</em> 是 不 是 开发 中国 市场 我们 已经 决定 了，现在 的 问题 是 什么 时候 开发。<span class="trans">We've already decided about developing the markets, the problem now is when to start.</span>
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| − | * B：那么，<em>关于</em> 这 个 议题，我 没 有 什么 可 说 的 了。<span class="trans">Then, as for this topic, I have nothing more to say.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | *[[对外汉语教学语法释疑201例]] (对于 vs 关于 p.203, 关于vs 至于 p.207) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | *[[现代汉语八百词（增订本）]] (关于vs 对于 p.240, 至于 p.683) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | *[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (关于 vs 对于 p.211, 至于p.651)
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| − | [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1→buy]
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| − | *[[卓越汉语－公司实战篇]] (p. 98) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | === Dictionaries ===
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| − | * [[现代汉语词典（第5版）]] (关于p.501，对于 p.346，至于 p.1755) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | [[Category:grammar comparison]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|关于|B2|关于 vs 对于 vs 至于|<em>关于</em> 放假， <em>对于</em> 怎么解决，<em>至于</em>另外一份工作 。|grammar point|ASGC01S0}}
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| − | {{Rel char|对于}}
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| − | {{Rel char|至于}}
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| − | {{Rel char|于}}
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| − | {{Rel char|对}}
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| − | {{Similar|Comparing "dui" and "duiyu"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Comparing "guanyu" and "duiyu"}}
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| − | {{Used for|Adding more explanation}}
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| − | {{Used for|Connecting ideas}}
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| − | {{Comparison|Prepositions}}
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| − | {{Translation|to}}
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| − | {{Translation|about}}
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| − | {{Translation|for}}
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