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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Potential complement]] |
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| − | Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
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| − | == Basic Potential Complement ==
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| − | 从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。
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| − | === 常见的例子 ===
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| − | * Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
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| − | * Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
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| − | * Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
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| − | * Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 想到 做到
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| − | * Verb + 形容词 e.g. 做对 写错 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
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| − | * Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进来 出去 走过去 爬上去
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| − | ==== Structure ====
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| − | [[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>de</em> wán </span> <span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 在 上海 买 <em>不</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 找 <em>得</em> 到 <span class="pinyin"> <em>de</em> </span><span class="trans"> can find it </span>
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| − | * 想 <em>不</em> 到 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 我 买 <em>得</em> 起 那 套 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>de</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 我 吃 <em>得</em> 下。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>de</em> xià.</span><span class="trans">I can eat more.</span>
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| − | * 我 吃 <em>不</em> 下 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>bu</em> xià le.</span><span class="trans">I can't eat any more.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Special Potential Complement ==
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 不 (negative).
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]]
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu dong"]]
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| − | == Sources and and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
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| − | * [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | ==== Yale ====
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | [[Category:Potential complement]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
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| − | {{Rel char|不}}
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| − | {{Structure|Complements}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
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| − | {{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing actions}}
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| − | {{Subprop|Potential complement}}
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