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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Potential complement]] |
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| − | Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
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| − | == Basic Potential Complement ==
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| − | 从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。
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| − | === 常见的例子 ===
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| − | * Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
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| − | * Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
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| − | * Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
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| − | * Verb + Adj. e.g. 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
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| − | * Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到
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| − | * Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去
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| − | ==== Structure ====
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| − | [[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>de</em> wán </span> <span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 我 找 <em>不</em> 到 我 的 手机 了。<span class="pinyin"> <em>de</em> </span><span class="trans"> can find it </span>
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| − | * 我 没 戴 眼镜，看 <em>不</em> 清楚 。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 这 件 衣服 太 脏 了，我 洗 <em>不</em> 干净 。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 在 上海 买 <em>不</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 我 觉得 在 学校 里 学 <em>不</em> 到 很多 有用 的 东西。<span class="pinyin"> <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi. </span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 门 太 小 了，我 的 车 进 <em>不</em> 去。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> wán </span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 前面 的 车 都 停 了，我们 开 <em>不</em> 过去 。<span class="pinyin"> <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi. </span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 这么 高 的 山，你 爬 <em>得</em> 上去 吗？<span class="pinyin"> <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi. </span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == More Advanced Potential Complement ==
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| − | === Verb with 得了 and 不了 ===
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| − | This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | 去不了
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| − | 穿不了
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| − | 帮不了
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Verb with 得起 and 不起 ===
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| − | This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | 买不起
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| − | 租不起
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| − | 吃不起
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| − | 穿不起
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Verb with 得下 and 不下 ===
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| − | This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | * 我 的 车 太 小，坐 <em>不 下</em> 五 个 人。<span class="pinyin"> xiǎo, zuò <em>bu</em> xià gè rén.</span><span class="trans">This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.</span>
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| − | * 我 吃 饱 了，真的 吃 <em>不</em> 下 了。<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 她 拿 <em>得</em> 下 那么 多 东西 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | * 你 家 住 <em>得</em> 下 这么 多 人 吗？<span class="pinyin"> zuò <em>bu</em> xià </span><span class="trans"> can't do it all </span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]]
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu dong"]]
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| − | == Sources and and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
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| − | * [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | ==== Yale ====
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | [[Category:Potential complement]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
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| − | {{Rel char|不}}
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| − | {{Structure|Complements}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
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| − | {{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing actions}}
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| − | {{Subprop|Potential complement}}
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