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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Potential complement]] |
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| − | Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
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| − | == Basic Potential Complement ==
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| − | Structurally, potential complements are closely related to both [[result complement]]s and [[direction complement]]s, so it helps to be familiar with those first. The most important and commonly used potential complements are derived from other complements such as the following:
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| − | * Verb + [[见]] e.g. 看见, 听见 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[懂]] e.g. 看懂, 听懂 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[完]] e.g. 吃完, 做完, 用完, 花完 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[Adjective|Adj.]] e.g. 看清楚, 听明白, 洗干净 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[到]] e.g. 找到, 买到, 收到 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + direction e.g. 上来, 下去, 进去, 起来, 走过去, 爬上去 (direction complements)
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| − | ==== Structure ====
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| − | [[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *大家 都 看 <em>不</em> 懂 这 句 话 。 <span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu kàn <em>bu</em> dǒng zhè jù huà.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shēngyīn tài xiǎo le, wǒmen tīng <em>bu</em> jiàn.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Tā yī gè rén chī <em>de</em> wán zhème duō fàn ma? </span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *我 找 <em>不</em> 到 我 的 手机 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhǎo <em>bu</em> dào wǒ de shǒujī le.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *我 没 戴 眼镜 ，看 <em>不</em> 清楚 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi dài yǎnjìng, kàn <em>bu</em> qīngchu.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *这 件 衣服 太 脏 了 ，我 洗 <em>不</em> 干净 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn yīfu tài zāng le, wǒ xǐ <em>bu</em> gānjìng.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *在 上海 买 <em>不</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表 。 <span class="pinyin">Zài Shànghǎi mǎi <em>bu</em> dào zhè gè páizi de shǒubiǎo.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *我 总是 收 <em>不</em> 到 你 的 邮件 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ zǒngshì shōu <em>bu</em> dào nǐ de yóujiàn.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *门 太 小 了 ，我 的 车 进 <em>不</em> 去 。 <span class="pinyin">Mén tài xiǎo le, wǒ de chē jìn <em>bu</em> qù.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *前面 的 车 都 停 了 ，我们 开 <em>不</em> 过去 。 <span class="pinyin">Qiánmiàn de chē dōu tíng le, wǒmen kāi <em> bù</em> guòqù.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | *这么 高 的 山 ，你 爬 <em>得</em> 上去 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Zhème gāo de shān, nǐ pá <em>de</em> shàngqù ma? </span><span class="trans"> .</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == More Advanced Potential Complement ==
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| − | === Verb with 不了 and 得了 ===
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| − | ==== Structure ====
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| − | This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + 了
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 这么 多 饭 ， 你 吃 <em>得</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Zhème duō fàn, nǐ chī <em> de </em> liǎo ma? </span><span class="trans"></span>
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| − | * 今晚 我 有 事 ， 去 <em>不</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Jīnwǎn wǒ yǒu shì, qù <em>bu</em> liǎo.</span><span class="trans"></span>
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| − | * 这 件 衣服 太 小 了 ， 我 穿 <em>不</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn yīfu tài xiǎo le, wǒ chuān <em>bu</em> liǎo.</span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 这 件 事情 只 有 你 帮 <em>得</em> 了 我 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shìqing zhī yǒu nǐ bāng <em>de</em> liǎo wǒ.</span><span class="trans"></span>
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| − | * 明天 的 会议 老板 参加 <em>不</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Míngtiān de huìyì lǎobǎn cānjiā <em>bu</em> liǎo.</span><span class="trans"></span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Verb with 不下 and 得下 ===
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| − | ==== Structure ====
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| − | This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 / 不 + 下
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==== Examples ====
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 的 车 太 小 ，坐 <em>不</em> 下 五 个 人 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de chē tài xiǎo, zuò <em>bu</em> xià wǔ gè rén.</span><span class="trans">My car is too small. Five people can't fit in here.</span>
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| − | * 她 拿 <em>得</em> 下 那么 多 东西 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Tā ná <em>de</em> xià nàme duō dōngxi ma? </span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 你 家 住 <em>得</em> 下 这么 多 人 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ jiā zhù <em>de</em> xià zhème duō rén ma? </span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | * 我 吃 饱 了 ， 真的 吃 <em>不</em> 下 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī bǎo le, zhēnde chī <em>bu</em> xià le.</span><span class="trans"> </span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]]
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu dong"]]
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| − | == Sources and and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
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| − | * [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | ==== Yale ====
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | [[Category:Potential complement]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
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| − | {{Rel char|不}}
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| − | {{Structure|Complements}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
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| − | {{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing actions}}
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| − | {{Subprop|Potential complement}}
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