Difference between revisions of "Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan""
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| − | {{Grammar Box}} | + | {{Grammar Box}} |
| − | + | 反而 (fǎn'ér) is an [[adverb]], while 相反 (xiāngfǎn) is an [[adjective]] and also a [[conjunction]], and this determines how they are used grammatically. | |
| + | |||
| + | == Position in a Sentence == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | 相反 normally starts a sentence, and when used should be followed with a comma. As an adverb, 反而 is not so set apart from the rest of the sentence, and should not be followed by a comma. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
A，相反，B | A，相反，B | ||
| − | </div | + | </div> |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <div class="jiegou"> | |
| − | + | A，反而 B | |
| − | + | </div> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | === Examples === | |
| − | + | ||
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| − | |||
| − | </div | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | * 这样 做 帮 不了 他 ，<em>相反</em>，还 会 害 了 他。<span class="pinyin">Zhèyàng zuò bāng bùliǎo tā, <em>xiāngfǎn</em>, hái huì hài le tā.</span><span class="trans">This won't help him. On the contrary, it will harm him.</span> |
| − | * | + | * 这样 做 不但 帮 不了 他，<em>反而</em> 会 害 了 他。<span class="pinyin">Zhèyàng zuò bùdàn bāng bùliǎo tā, <em>fǎn'ér</em> huì hài le tā.</span><span class="trans">Not only will this not help him, on the contrary it will harm him.</span> |
| − | </div> | + | </div> |
| − | + | ||
| − | </div> | + | == Differences in Meaning == |
| + | |||
| + | 反而 is used in the context of the speaker expecting some kind of turning point. 相反 is for similar things that have a different aspect. 反而 conveys that the difference between what was expected and what actually happened was quite large. 相反 isn't as strong. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Situation，相反，The Opposite of the Situation | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Expectation，反而 + The Opposite of Expectation | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 老板 的 想法 跟 我 的 <em>相反</em>。<span class="trans">The boss's way of thinking and mine don't match up.</span> | + | |
| − | * 现在 的 观念 和 以前 的 <em>相反</em>。<span class="trans">The views of today are different from what they were in the past.</span> | + | * 好好 工作 就 会 升职，<em>相反</em>，不 好好 工作 是 不 会 升职 的。<span class="pinyin">Hǎo hǎo gōngzuò jiù huì shēng zhí, <em>xiāngfǎn</em>, bù hǎohāo gōngzuò shì bù huì shēng zhí de.</span><span class="trans">If you work hard, you will be promoted. Contrarily, you will not be promoted if you don't work hard.</span> |
| − | </div> | + | * 老板 没有 生气，<em>反而</em> 表扬 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn méiyǒu shēngqì, <em>fǎn'ér</em> biǎoyáng le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">The boss isn't angry. On the contrary, he praised me.</span> |
| − | + | * 老板 没有 生气，<em>相反</em>，他 还 表扬 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn méiyǒu shēngqì, <em>xiāngfǎn</em>, tā hái biǎoyáng le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">The boss isn't angry. Actually, he praised me.</span> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == 相反 can act as an attribute == | ||
| + | |||
| + | 相反 is an adjective, and of course it can also be an attribute. Just make sure to add a 的 after it. 反而 cannot be used this way. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 相反 + 的 + Noun | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | * 这 是 两 个 完全 <em>相反</em> 的 结果。<span class="pinyin">Zhè shì liǎng gè wánquán <em>xiāngfǎn</em> de jiéguǒ.</span><span class="trans">These are two completely opposite results.</span> | ||
| + | * 你 应该 朝 <em>相反</em>的 方向 走。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi cháo <em>xiāngfǎn</em> de fāngxiàng zǒu.</span><span class="trans">You should go down a different path.</span> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == 相反 can be the predicate == | ||
| + | |||
| + | 相反, like all other adjectives, can be placed after the subject as the predicate of the sentence. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Subj. + 相反 | ||
| + | |||
| + | A 和 / 跟 B ＋ 是 ＋ 相反的 | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | * 这 两 种 艺术 的 表现 形式 <em>相反</em>。<span class="pinyin">Zhè liǎng zhǒng yìshù de biǎoxiàn xíngshì <em>xiāngfǎn</em>.</span><span class="trans">These two art pieces have completely different forms.</span> | ||
| + | * 我们 的 看法 是 <em>相反</em> 的。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen de kànfǎ shì <em>xiāngfǎn</em> de.</span><span class="trans">Our perspectives are not the same.</span> | ||
| + | * 老板 的 想法 跟 我 的 <em>相反</em>。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn de xiǎngfǎ gēn wǒ de <em>xiāngfǎn</em>.</span><span class="trans">The boss's way of thinking and mine don't match up.</span> | ||
| + | * 现在 的 观念 和 以前 的 <em>相反</em>。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài de guānniàn hé yǐqián de <em>xiāngfǎn</em>.</span><span class="trans">The views of today are different from what they were in the past.</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See Also == | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Books === | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 4下|24}} | ||
| + | {{Source|对外汉语教学语法释疑201例|184}} | ||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|199, 574}} | ||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|172, 504}} | ||
| + | {{Source|卓越汉语－公司实战篇|19-20}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Dictionaries === | ||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语词典（第5版）|1484, 377}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:grammar comparison]] | [[Category:grammar comparison]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|反而| | + | {{HSK|HSK4}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|反而|C1|反而 vs 相反|吃 水果 不但 对 他 没 好处，<em>反而</em> 有 坏处。 老板 的 想法 跟 我 的 <em>相反</em>。|grammar point|ASGFNS52}} | ||
{{Rel char|相反}} | {{Rel char|相反}} | ||
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}} | {{Used for|Expressing attitude}} | ||
{{Comparison|Separate Functions}} | {{Comparison|Separate Functions}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:01, 11 December 2020
反而 (fǎn'ér) is an adverb, while 相反 (xiāngfǎn) is an adjective and also a conjunction, and this determines how they are used grammatically.
Contents
Position in a Sentence
Structure
相反 normally starts a sentence, and when used should be followed with a comma. As an adverb, 反而 is not so set apart from the rest of the sentence, and should not be followed by a comma.
A，相反，B
A，反而 B
Examples
- 这样 做 帮 不了 他 ，相反，还 会 害 了 他。This won't help him. On the contrary, it will harm him.
- 这样 做 不但 帮 不了 他，反而 会 害 了 他。Not only will this not help him, on the contrary it will harm him.
Differences in Meaning
反而 is used in the context of the speaker expecting some kind of turning point. 相反 is for similar things that have a different aspect. 反而 conveys that the difference between what was expected and what actually happened was quite large. 相反 isn't as strong.
Structure
Situation，相反，The Opposite of the Situation
Expectation，反而 + The Opposite of Expectation
Examples
- 好好 工作 就 会 升职，相反，不 好好 工作 是 不 会 升职 的。If you work hard, you will be promoted. Contrarily, you will not be promoted if you don't work hard.
- 老板 没有 生气，反而 表扬 了 我。The boss isn't angry. On the contrary, he praised me.
- 老板 没有 生气，相反，他 还 表扬 了 我。The boss isn't angry. Actually, he praised me.
相反 can act as an attribute
相反 is an adjective, and of course it can also be an attribute. Just make sure to add a 的 after it. 反而 cannot be used this way.
Structure
相反 + 的 + Noun
Examples
- 这 是 两 个 完全 相反 的 结果。These are two completely opposite results.
- 你 应该 朝 相反的 方向 走。You should go down a different path.
相反 can be the predicate
相反, like all other adjectives, can be placed after the subject as the predicate of the sentence.
Structure
Subj. + 相反
A 和 / 跟 B ＋ 是 ＋ 相反的
Examples
- 这 两 种 艺术 的 表现 形式 相反。These two art pieces have completely different forms.
- 我们 的 看法 是 相反 的。Our perspectives are not the same.
- 老板 的 想法 跟 我 的 相反。The boss's way of thinking and mine don't match up.
- 现在 的 观念 和 以前 的 相反。The views of today are different from what they were in the past.
See Also
Sources and further reading
Books
- HSK Standard Course 4下 (pp. 24) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (pp. 184) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 199, 574) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 172, 504) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
- 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 (pp. 19-20) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 1484, 377) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
