Difference between revisions of "Making "-ize" and "-ify" verbs with "hua""
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− | {{Grammar Box}} | + | {{Grammar Box}} |
− | + | The [[suffix]] -化 (-huà) can be added to the end of many Chinese words to make them into verbs, the equivalent of "-ize" or "-ify" in English. | |
− | The [[suffix]] | ||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
− | You can take some Chinese [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s and add a 化 to the end of them to | + | You can take some Chinese [[noun]]s and [[adjective]]s and add a -化 to the end of them to "-ize" or "-ify" them. Basically, -化 takes the noun or adjective and makes it into a verb. One example of how we do that in English is to take the adjective "modern" and add "-ize" to turn it into the verb "modernize." Most of the time, the Chinese words that -化 is added to are two-character words. |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
− | + | Noun / Adj. + 化 | |
− | Noun/ | ||
− | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
− | The following is a short list of | + | The following is a short list of -化 words and sentences. Note that while the suffix -化 most often corresponds to "-ize" or "-ify" in English, these are not the ''only'' options in English. (Ah, you gotta love the endless variety of the English language!) |
=== With a Noun === | === With a Noun === | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
− | * | + | * 中国<em>化</em>、美国<em>化</em>、个性<em>化</em>、数字<em>化</em>、城市<em>化</em>、两极<em>化</em>、边缘<em>化</em><span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó-<em>huà</em>, Měiguó-<em>huà</em>, gèxìng-<em>huà</em>, shùzì-<em>huà</em>, chéngshì-<em>huà</em>, liǎngjí-<em>huà</em>, biānyuán-<em>huà</em></span><span class="trans">sinicize/Chinese-ify, Americanize, personalize, digitize, urbanize, polarize, marginalize</span> |
− | + | * 我们 将 净<em>化</em> 整个 行业 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen jìng-<em>huà</em> zhěnggè hángyè.</span><span class="trans">We will purify the entire industry.</span> | |
− | * | + | * KFC 的 中国 本土<em>化</em> 经营 做 得 非常 成功。<span class="pinyin">KFC de Zhōngguó běntǔ-<em>huà</em> jīngyíng zuò de fēicháng chénggōng.</span><span class="trans">KFC's Chinese localization has been implemented very successfully.</span> |
− | * KFC 的 中国 本土<em>化</em> 经营 做 得 非常 成功。<span class=" | + | * 邓小平 提出了 四 个 现代<em>化</em>:工业现代<em>化</em>、农业现代<em>化</em>、国防现代<em>化</em>、科学技术现代<em>化</em>。<span class="pinyin">Dèng Xiǎopíng tíchū le Sì Gè Xiàndài-<em>huà</em>: Gōngyè xiàndài-<em>huà</em>, nóngyè xiàndài<em>huà</em>, guófáng xiàndài-<em>huà</em>, kēxué jìshù xiàndài-<em>huà</em>.</span><span class="trans">Deng Xiaoping set forth the Four Modernizations: industrial modern<em>ization</em>, agricultural modern<em>ization</em>, national defense modernization, and scientific technology modernization.</span> |
− | * 邓小平 提出了 四 个 现代<em>化</em>:工业现代<em>化</em>、农业现代<em>化</em>、国防现代<em>化</em>、科学技术现代<em>化</em>。<span class=" | + | * 现在 我们 公司 的工作 流程 和 人事 管理 已经 初步 制度<em>化</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài wǒmen gōngsī de gōngzuò liúchéng hé rénshì guǎnlǐ yǐjīng chūbù zhìdù<em>huà</em> le.</span><span class="trans">These days our company's workflows and HR management have already started to be systemat<em>ize</em>d.</span> |
− | * 现在 我们 公司 的工作 流程 和 人事 管理 已经 初步 制度<em>化</em> 了。<span class="trans">These days our company's workflows and HR management have already started to be systemat<em>ize</em>d.</span> | ||
− | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
− | * 美<em>化</em>< | + | * 美<em>化</em>、绿<em>化</em>、软<em>化</em>、现代<em>化</em>、自然<em>化</em>、多元<em>化</em><span class="pinyin">měi<em>huà</em>, lǜ<em>huà</em>, ruǎn<em>huà</em>, xiàndài-<em>huà</em>, zìrán-<em>huà</em>, duōyuán-<em>huà</em></span><span class="trans">beautify, "greenify", soften, modernize, naturalize. diversify</span> |
− | + | * 你 不要 把 真相 浪漫<em>化</em> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bùyào bǎ zhēnxiàng làngmàn-<em>huà</em>!</span><span class="trans">Don't romanticize the truth!</span> | |
− | * | + | * 你 应该 让 黄油 软<em>化</em>,然后 跟 面包 一起 吃。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi ràng huángyóu ruǎn<em>huà</em>, ránhòu gēn miànbāo yīqǐ chī.</span><span class="trans">You should allow the butter to soft<em>en</em>, then eat it with bread.</span> |
− | * 你 应该 让 黄油 软<em>化</em>,然后 跟 面包 一起 吃。<span class="trans">You should allow the butter to soft<em>en</em>, then eat it with bread.</span> | + | * 我们 保护 环境 是 为了 美<em>化</em> 我们 的 城市。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen bǎohù huánjìng shì wèile měi<em>huà</em> wǒmen de chéngshì.</span><span class="trans">We protect the environment in order to beaut<em>ify</em> our city.</span> |
− | * 我们 保护 环境 是 为了 美<em>化</em> 我们 的 城市。<span class="trans">We protect the environment in order to beaut<em>ify</em> our city.</span> | + | * 每年 我们 的 绿<em>化</em> 面积 都 在 扩大。<span class="pinyin">Měinián wǒmen de lǜ<em>huà</em> miànjī dōu zài kuòdà.</span><span class="trans">Every year our green<em>[ified]</em> area is expanding.</span> |
− | * 每年 我们 的 绿<em>化</em> 面积 都 在 扩大。<span class="trans">Every year our green<em>[ified]</em> area is expanding.</span> | + | |
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == From Verb to Noun == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Part of speech can be quite fluid in Chinese, and using the suffix -化 to change a noun or an adjective into a verb does not mean that verb can't also be used as a noun! So keep in mind that -化 can be not only "-ize" and "-ify," but also "-ization" and "-ification." | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div class="liju"> | ||
+ | * 个性<em>化</em><span class="pinyin">gèxìng-<em>huà</em></span><span class="trans">personalize, personalization</span> | ||
+ | * 现代<em>化</em><span class="pinyin">xiàndài-<em>huà</em></span><span class="trans">modernize, modernization</span> | ||
+ | * 美<em>化</em><span class="pinyin">měi<em>huà</em></span><span class="trans">beautify, beautification</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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=== Books === | === Books === | ||
− | + | {{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|68}} | |
− | + | {{Source|Contemporary Chinese 4 (当代中文4)|17}} | |
− | + | {{Source|Short-term Spoken Chinese: Intermediate (汉语口语速成中级篇)|90}} | |
− | |||
− | |||
[[Category:B2 grammar points]] | [[Category:B2 grammar points]] | ||
− | {{Basic Grammar|化|B2| Noun/ | + | {{Basic Grammar|化|B2| Noun / Adj. + 化|KFC 的 中国 本土<em>化</em> 经营 做 得 非常 成功。|grammar point|ASGS6UKN}} |
− | {{Used for| | + | {{Used for|Describing actions}} |
{{POS|Verbs}} | {{POS|Verbs}} |
Latest revision as of 09:33, 17 December 2020
The suffix -化 (-huà) can be added to the end of many Chinese words to make them into verbs, the equivalent of "-ize" or "-ify" in English.
Contents
Structure
You can take some Chinese nouns and adjectives and add a -化 to the end of them to "-ize" or "-ify" them. Basically, -化 takes the noun or adjective and makes it into a verb. One example of how we do that in English is to take the adjective "modern" and add "-ize" to turn it into the verb "modernize." Most of the time, the Chinese words that -化 is added to are two-character words.
Noun / Adj. + 化
Examples
The following is a short list of -化 words and sentences. Note that while the suffix -化 most often corresponds to "-ize" or "-ify" in English, these are not the only options in English. (Ah, you gotta love the endless variety of the English language!)
With a Noun
- 中国化、美国化、个性化、数字化、城市化、两极化、边缘化sinicize/Chinese-ify, Americanize, personalize, digitize, urbanize, polarize, marginalize
- 我们 将 净化 整个 行业 。We will purify the entire industry.
- KFC 的 中国 本土化 经营 做 得 非常 成功。KFC's Chinese localization has been implemented very successfully.
- 邓小平 提出了 四 个 现代化:工业现代化、农业现代化、国防现代化、科学技术现代化。Deng Xiaoping set forth the Four Modernizations: industrial modernization, agricultural modernization, national defense modernization, and scientific technology modernization.
- 现在 我们 公司 的工作 流程 和 人事 管理 已经 初步 制度化 了。These days our company's workflows and HR management have already started to be systematized.
With an Adjective
- 美化、绿化、软化、现代化、自然化、多元化beautify, "greenify", soften, modernize, naturalize. diversify
- 你 不要 把 真相 浪漫化 !Don't romanticize the truth!
- 你 应该 让 黄油 软化,然后 跟 面包 一起 吃。You should allow the butter to soften, then eat it with bread.
- 我们 保护 环境 是 为了 美化 我们 的 城市。We protect the environment in order to beautify our city.
- 每年 我们 的 绿化 面积 都 在 扩大。Every year our green[ified] area is expanding.
From Verb to Noun
Part of speech can be quite fluid in Chinese, and using the suffix -化 to change a noun or an adjective into a verb does not mean that verb can't also be used as a noun! So keep in mind that -化 can be not only "-ize" and "-ify," but also "-ization" and "-ification."
- 个性化personalize, personalization
- 现代化modernize, modernization
- 美化beautify, beautification