Difference between revisions of "Placement of "le" with objects"

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(training summary)
 
(training summary)
  
"了"有两个,这里我们主要讨论的是“了1”的用法。“了1”用在动词后主要表示动作或者状态的完成、实现,可以独立成句。动词后有宾语的情况下,“了1”一般用于宾语之前。
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"了"有两个,这里我们主要讨论的是“了1”的用法。“了1”用在动词后主要表示动作或者状态的完成、实现,可以独立成句。
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The [[Aspectual particle "le" | aspectual particle 了]] (one of two kinds of 了, AKA "了1" or the "completed action 了"), when placed after a verb, indicates that an action has been completed. What we want to discuss in this article is the use of this 了 when an object is involved.
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==了 directly followed by an object==
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
V.+了1+O.
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V.++O.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 我今天去见 <em>了</em>朋友 。<span class="trans">I went to see my friends today.</span>
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* 他今天去见 <em>了</em>朋友。<span class="trans">He went to see friends today.</span>
* 他刚刚换<em>了</em>新工作 。<span class="trans">He just found a new job.</span>
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* 我 刚 吃<em>了</em>早饭。<span class="trans">I just had breakfast.</span>
* 我给你发<em>了</em>邮件,你收到了吗?<span class="trans">I sent you an email.Did you receive it?</span>
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* 妈妈 找到 <em>了</em>新 工作。<span class="trans">Mom found a new job.</span>
 +
* 你 买<em>了</em>iPhone!<span class="trans">You bought an iPhone!</span>
 +
* 昨天 我 给 你 打<em>了</em>电话。<span class="trans">I called you yesterday.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
动词加了加宾语在有些情况下并不独立成句,要有后续小句加以补充,作时间状语或条件状语。可以用于过去、现在、和将来。
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注:动词后的宾语如果只是一个简单的宾语,句子不能自足,语气也不完整。宾语一般都要有说明性成分,如数量短语、形容词、限定性短语或者句中有说明时间、地点、原因及方式的状语成分。
  
===Structure===
 
  
<div class="jiegou">
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如果句末再加一个“了”,则表示加强肯定语气,这时宾语因为是特指的,所以可能就是非常简单的。
  
V.+了+O.+就/再/又···
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If the object placed after the verb is very simple, it is typical to have something modifying the object, such as a number and measure word, an adjective, or 限定性短语, or the sentence should specify a time, place, reason, or method for the action. (If this paragraph gets included, it probably should go somewhere below)
  
</div>
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If there is another 了 placed at the end of the sentence, it can add a stronger emphasis that the action ''was'' completed, in the same way we might say we "''did'' finish the work" instead of just saying we "finished the work."
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 我在外面吃 <em>了</em>晚饭才回家的 。<span class="trans">I went home after I had dinner out.</span>
 
* 你结<em>了</em>婚才能要这个孩子。<span class="trans">You can't keep this baby until you get married.</span>
 
* 刚刚给你换<em>了</em>干净的衣服,又被你弄脏了。<span class="trans">I just gave you clean clothes and you made them dirty again.</span>
 
* 昨天老板请我们吃 <em>了</em> 火锅,今天又要跟你一起去吃火锅。<span class="trans">Our boss treated us to hotpot yesterday, and I'm going to have hotpot again with you today .</span>
 
* 我们下<em>了</em>课就去买东西吧。<span class="trans">Let's go shopping right after we finish school.</span>
 
* 他大学毕<em>了</em>业就去美国了。<span class="trans">He went to the United States right after he graduated from college.</span>
 
* 吃<em>了</em>晚饭再走吧。<span class="trans">How about you eat dinner first before you leave.</span>
 
* 买<em>了</em>房再结婚吧。<span class="trans">Let's buy the house before we get married.</span>
 
  
动词加了1加宾语,再加了2,既表示动作的完成,又表示事态有所变化。
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* 我 做 <em>了</em> 作业 <em>了</em>, 你 要 看 吗?<span class="trans">I did finish my homework. Do you want to see it?</span>
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* 我们 来 这儿 以前 吃 <em>了</em> 饭 <em>了</em>。<span class="trans">We did have our dinner before we came here .</span>
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* 他 问<em>了</em> 经理 <em>了</em>, 经理 说 行。<span class="trans">He did ask the manager, and he said yes.</span>
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 +
</div>
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 +
==Object with a number and measure word==
 +
 
 +
当宾语前面有数量短语修饰时,“了”一般都在紧跟在动词后面。既表示动作的完成,又表示事态有所变化。此时的宾语其实是特指的对象。
 +
 
 +
When the object is preceded by a number and measure word, the 了 is usually placed directly after the verb. It indicates the completion of the action, and shows that the object directly following it is receiving the action of the verb.
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
V.+了1+O.+了2
+
V.+了+数量短语(名量)+O.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
===Structure===
+
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
* 我 买 <em>了</em> 五 本 他的书。<span class="trans">I bought five of his books.</span>
 +
* 他们 昨天 看<em>了</em>  两 场 电影。<span class="trans"> They went to see two movies yesterday .</span>
 +
*他 午饭 花 <em>了</em> 两千多块。<span class="trans">He spent more than two thousand kuai on his lunch.</span>
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*你 请 <em>了</em> 几 个 朋友?<span class="trans">How many friends have you invited?</span>
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* 老师 问 <em>了</em> 五 个 问题 .<span class="trans">The teacher asked five questions.</span>
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 +
</div>
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 +
如果在句末再加一个“了”则有两层含义:一是强调或暗示数量多;二是表示“还有可能继续”。第一个“了”常常
 +
 
 +
If another 了 is added at the end of the sentence, it indicates two things. One is to emphasize or imply that the number in front of the object is already a big number, and the other is to indicate that this number could continue to grow.
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
* 我 给 他 打<em>了</em> 十 几 个 电话<em>了</em> 。<span class="trans">I've made more than ten phone calls to him.</span>
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* 他 帮<em>了</em>  几 十 个 农村 的 孩子 <em>了</em>。<span class="trans"> He's helped a few dozen poor kids from the rural area.</span>
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* 我 哥哥 换 <em>了</em> 三 个 女朋友 <em>了</em>。<span class="trans"> My older brother has had three girlfriends.</span>
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 +
如果宾语前既有数量短语限定,也有一般性形容词做修饰成分,则不太适用于这种情况。
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
If the object has both a number-measure-word pair and a general adjective associated with it, then it is not very suitable to use an extra 了 in the emphatic way described above.
  
V.(+了)+num. phrase+O.+了
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<div class="liju">
  
 +
<ul>
 +
<li class="x"> 我 买 <em>了</em> 五本 有意思的 书 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">I‘ve bought five interesting books.</span></li>
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</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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 +
动宾结构的动词作谓语时,需注意。如“结婚”,“结婚了”表示动作或者状态的完成;“结了婚”表示句子还没说完,还有后续的分句补充。
 +
 
 +
A verb-object structured word, such as "看书," "吃饭," or "结婚," a phrase like "结婚了" would simply indicate that the action or state has been completed, whereas "结了婚" would, in addition, indicate that the speaker has more to say or comment on after the phrase.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 我在中国住 <em>了</em> 十几年了。<span class="trans">I live in China for more than 10 years up till now.</span>
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* 她学中文差不多五年<em>了</em> 。<span class="trans">She's been studying Chinese for almost 5 years.</span>
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* 我 已经 下班 <em>了</em>。<span class="trans">I‘m off work now.</span>
*我爸妈结婚快三十年<em>了</em> <span class="trans">My parents have been married for almost 30 years.</span>
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* 我 下 <em>了</em> 班 就 去 见 你。<span class="trans">I‘ll see you as soon as I get off work.</span>
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* 他 去年 离婚<em>了</em> 。<span class="trans">He got a divorce  last year.</span>
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*他 去年 离 <em>了</em> 婚 以后 又 找 了 一 个 女人。<span class="trans">After the divorce last year, he found another woman.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
V.+了+num. phrase+O.+了表示动作到说话时已经持续了一段时间或者达到了一定数量,还要继续或极可能继续。这种情况下,第一个“了”一般都是可以省略的。但不是所有的动词都可以用于第一种句型,比如“结婚、离婚、工作”这些动作性不强的动词,有些看起来是动宾结构,但是没有离合的用法。
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在一连串的事件中,“了”的位置起到标志主要事件的作用。
  
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In a list of consecutive events, the position of 了 serves to signal the purpose of the events.
  
宾语前的修饰性成分是主谓结构,表示特指,“了”可以位于宾语后。
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<div class="liju">
  
动词后的宾语若没有修饰性成分,“了”置于宾语前,表示动作完成或者实现。若句末再加一个“了”则表示强调,加强肯定语气。
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* 他 上周 帮 我 搬<em>了</em>家 。<span class="trans">He helped me move last week.</span>
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* 老板 请 我 吃<em>了</em> 一 顿 大餐。<span class="trans">My boss invited me to a big dinner.</span>
  
动宾结构的动词作谓语时,V.+了+O.表示句子还没完,还有后续的分句补充。V.+O.+了表示动作或者状态的完成。
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</div>

Latest revision as of 04:10, 25 April 2017

(training summary)

"了"有两个,这里我们主要讨论的是“了1”的用法。“了1”用在动词后主要表示动作或者状态的完成、实现,可以独立成句。

The aspectual particle 了 (one of two kinds of 了, AKA "了1" or the "completed action 了"), when placed after a verb, indicates that an action has been completed. What we want to discuss in this article is the use of this 了 when an object is involved.

了 directly followed by an object

Structure

V.+了+O.

Examples

  • 他今天去见 朋友。He went to see friends today.
  • 我 刚 吃早饭。I just had breakfast.
  • 妈妈 找到 新 工作。Mom found a new job.
  • 你 买iPhone!You bought an iPhone!
  • 昨天 我 给 你 打电话。I called you yesterday.

注:动词后的宾语如果只是一个简单的宾语,句子不能自足,语气也不完整。宾语一般都要有说明性成分,如数量短语、形容词、限定性短语或者句中有说明时间、地点、原因及方式的状语成分。


如果句末再加一个“了”,则表示加强肯定语气,这时宾语因为是特指的,所以可能就是非常简单的。

If the object placed after the verb is very simple, it is typical to have something modifying the object, such as a number and measure word, an adjective, or 限定性短语, or the sentence should specify a time, place, reason, or method for the action. (If this paragraph gets included, it probably should go somewhere below)

If there is another 了 placed at the end of the sentence, it can add a stronger emphasis that the action was completed, in the same way we might say we "did finish the work" instead of just saying we "finished the work."

Examples

  • 我 做 作业 , 你 要 看 吗?I did finish my homework. Do you want to see it?
  • 我们 来 这儿 以前 吃 We did have our dinner before we came here .
  • 他 问 经理 , 经理 说 行。He did ask the manager, and he said yes.

Object with a number and measure word

当宾语前面有数量短语修饰时,“了”一般都在紧跟在动词后面。既表示动作的完成,又表示事态有所变化。此时的宾语其实是特指的对象。

When the object is preceded by a number and measure word, the 了 is usually placed directly after the verb. It indicates the completion of the action, and shows that the object directly following it is receiving the action of the verb.

Structure

V.+了+数量短语(名量)+O.

Examples

  • 我 买 五 本 他的书。I bought five of his books.
  • 他们 昨天 看 两 场 电影。 They went to see two movies yesterday .
  • 他 午饭 花 两千多块。He spent more than two thousand kuai on his lunch.
  • 你 请 几 个 朋友?How many friends have you invited?
  • 老师 问 五 个 问题 .The teacher asked five questions.

如果在句末再加一个“了”则有两层含义:一是强调或暗示数量多;二是表示“还有可能继续”。第一个“了”常常

If another 了 is added at the end of the sentence, it indicates two things. One is to emphasize or imply that the number in front of the object is already a big number, and the other is to indicate that this number could continue to grow.

  • 我 给 他 打 十 几 个 电话I've made more than ten phone calls to him.
  • 他 帮 几 十 个 农村 的 孩子 He's helped a few dozen poor kids from the rural area.
  • 我 哥哥 换 三 个 女朋友 My older brother has had three girlfriends.

如果宾语前既有数量短语限定,也有一般性形容词做修饰成分,则不太适用于这种情况。

If the object has both a number-measure-word pair and a general adjective associated with it, then it is not very suitable to use an extra 了 in the emphatic way described above.

  • 我 买 五本 有意思的 书 I‘ve bought five interesting books.


动宾结构的动词作谓语时,需注意。如“结婚”,“结婚了”表示动作或者状态的完成;“结了婚”表示句子还没说完,还有后续的分句补充。

A verb-object structured word, such as "看书," "吃饭," or "结婚," a phrase like "结婚了" would simply indicate that the action or state has been completed, whereas "结了婚" would, in addition, indicate that the speaker has more to say or comment on after the phrase.

  • 我 已经 下班 I‘m off work now.
  • 我 下 班 就 去 见 你。I‘ll see you as soon as I get off work.
  • 他 去年 离婚He got a divorce last year.
  • 他 去年 离 婚 以后 又 找 了 一 个 女人。After the divorce last year, he found another woman.

在一连串的事件中,“了”的位置起到标志主要事件的作用。

In a list of consecutive events, the position of 了 serves to signal the purpose of the events.

  • 他 上周 帮 我 搬家 。He helped me move last week.
  • 老板 请 我 吃 一 顿 大餐。My boss invited me to a big dinner.