Difference between revisions of "Modifying nouns with adjective + "de""
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| − | One of the best ways to use the common character 的 (de) is to spice up your | + | One of the best ways to use the common character 的 (de) is to spice up your [[noun]]s with [[adjective]]s. By using 的 (de), we can connect sassy adjectives to otherwise boring nouns. |
| − | == With a | + | == With a Noun== |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. | + | This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Occasionally you will see this 的 (de) omitted, but note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 (piàoliang) or 高兴 (gāoxìng)), the 的 (de) is generally required. |
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * <em>漂亮 的</em> 女孩儿 <span class="pinyin"><Em>piàoliang de</em> nǚháir</span><span class="trans"> | + | * <em>漂亮 的</em> 女孩儿 <span class="pinyin"><Em>piàoliang de</em> nǚháir</span><span class="trans">beautiful girl </span> |
| − | * <em>辣 的</em> 菜 <span class="pinyin"><Em>là de</em> cài </span><span class="trans"> | + | * <em>辣 的</em> 菜 <span class="pinyin"><Em>là de</em> cài </span><span class="trans">spicy food </span> |
| − | * <em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝 <span class="pinyin"><Em>kě'ài de</em> | + | * <em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝 <span class="pinyin"><Em>kě'ài de</em> bǎobao</span><span class="trans">a cute baby </span> |
| − | * 我 喜欢 <em>新鲜 的</em> 果汁 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuan <em>xīnxiān de</em> guǒzhī.</span> <span class="trans">I like fresh fruit juice.</span> | + | * 我 喜欢 <em>新鲜 的</em> 果汁 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuan <em>xīnxiān de</em> guǒzhī.</span><span class="trans">I like fresh fruit juice.</span> |
| − | * 他 常常 买 <em>便宜 的</em> 东西。 <span class="pinyin">Tā chángcháng mǎi <em>piányi de</em> dōngxi.</span> <span class="trans">He often buys cheap stuff.</span> | + | * 他 常常 买 <em>便宜 的</em> 东西。 <span class="pinyin">Tā chángcháng mǎi <em>piányi de</em> dōngxi.</span><span class="trans">He often buys cheap stuff.</span> |
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Without a | + | == Without a Noun== |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| Line 46: | Line 45: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
<ul class="dialog"> | <ul class="dialog"> | ||
| − | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 孩子 喜欢 吃 什么 东西 ？<span class="pinyin">Háizi xǐhuan chī shénme dōngxi?</span><span class="trans">What food do children like to eat?</span></li> |
| − | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>甜 的</em> 。<span class="pinyin"> <em> Tián de</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Sweet food.</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>甜 的</em> 。<span class="pinyin"> <em> Tián de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Sweet food.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
<ul class="dialog"> | <ul class="dialog"> | ||
| − | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span>你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuan nǎ zhǒng nǚhái?</span><span class="trans">What kind of girls do you like?</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuan nǎ zhǒng nǚhái?</span><span class="trans">What kind of girls do you like?</span></li> |
| − | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>漂亮 的</em> 。<span class="pinyin"><em> Piàoliang de</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Pretty ones.</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>漂亮 的</em>。<span class="pinyin"><em> Piàoliang de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Pretty ones.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
<ul class="dialog"> | <ul class="dialog"> | ||
| − | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 要 喝 冷 水 还是 热 水？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 要 喝 冷 水 还是 热 水？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yào hē lěng |
| − | shuǐ háishì rè shuǐ ?</span> <span class="trans">Do you want to drink cold or hot water?</span></li> | + | shuǐ háishì rè shuǐ ?</span><span class="trans">Do you want to drink cold or hot water?</span></li> |
| − | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>冷 的</em> 。 <span class="pinyin"><em> | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>冷 的</em>。<span class="pinyin"><em>Lěng de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Cold.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
<ul class="dialog"> | <ul class="dialog"> | ||
| − | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你想 找 什么样 的 男朋友？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng zhǎo shénmeyàng de nánpéngyou?</span> <span class="trans">What kind of boyfriend do you want to find?</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你想 找 什么样 的 男朋友？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng zhǎo shénmeyàng de nánpéngyou?</span><span class="trans">What kind of boyfriend do you want to find?</span></li> |
| − | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>有钱 的</em> 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yǒuqián de</em>.</span> <span class="trans">A rich one.</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>有钱 的</em>。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yǒuqián de</em>.</span><span class="trans">A rich one.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
<ul class="dialog"> | <ul class="dialog"> | ||
| − | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 不 喜欢 吃 什么 菜？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuan chī shénme cài?</span><span class="trans">Which foods do you not like to eat?</span></li> | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 你 不 喜欢 吃 什么 菜？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù xǐhuan chī shénme cài?</span><span class="trans">Which foods do you not like to eat?</span></li> |
| − | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>辣 的 </em>。 <span class="pinyin"><em> | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> <em>辣 的</em>。<span class="pinyin"><em>Là de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Spicy ones.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 77: | Line 76: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar|70-1}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|37}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|191, 233}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Yufa!|37}} | |
[[Category:A2 grammar points]] | [[Category:A2 grammar points]] | ||
| + | {{HSK|HSK3}} | ||
{{Basic Grammar|的|A2|Adj. + 的 + Noun|<em>好喝 的</em> 啤酒 / <em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝|grammar point|ASGVUFKX}} | {{Basic Grammar|的|A2|Adj. + 的 + Noun|<em>好喝 的</em> 啤酒 / <em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝|grammar point|ASGVUFKX}} | ||
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + de}} | {{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + de}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:49, 2 April 2019
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
One of the best ways to use the common character 的 (de) is to spice up your nouns with adjectives. By using 的 (de), we can connect sassy adjectives to otherwise boring nouns.
Contents
With a Noun
Structure
A very common way to modify nouns is to attach an adjective to them using 的 (de).
Adj. + 的 + Noun
This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Occasionally you will see this 的 (de) omitted, but note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 (piàoliang) or 高兴 (gāoxìng)), the 的 (de) is generally required.
Examples
- 漂亮 的 女孩儿 beautiful girl
- 辣 的 菜 spicy food
- 可爱 的 宝宝 a cute baby
- 我 喜欢 新鲜 的 果汁 。 I like fresh fruit juice.
- 他 常常 买 便宜 的 东西。 He often buys cheap stuff.
Without a Noun
Structure
In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun from the pattern, and just use the adjective + 的 (de). This is kind of like saying "the big one" or "the red one" in English. In Chinese the 的 (de) serves the same purpose as the English word "one." By using this pattern, you can avoid repeating the same noun over and over again unnecessarily. Just be sure the other person is already clear which "one" you're referring to when using this pattern!
Adj. + 的
Examples
- A: 孩子 喜欢 吃 什么 东西 ？What food do children like to eat?
- B: 甜 的 。Sweet food.
- A: 你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩？What kind of girls do you like?
- B: 漂亮 的。Pretty ones.
- A: 你 要 喝 冷 水 还是 热 水？Do you want to drink cold or hot water?
- B: 冷 的。Cold.
- A: 你想 找 什么样 的 男朋友？What kind of boyfriend do you want to find?
- B: 有钱 的。A rich one.
- A: 你 不 喜欢 吃 什么 菜？Which foods do you not like to eat?
- B: 辣 的。Spicy ones.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 70-1) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 37) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 191, 233) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Yufa! (pp. 37) [ →buy]
