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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Potential complement]] |
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| − | Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
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| − | 结果补语和趋向补语和中心语之间一般都可以加结构助词"得(de)"构成可能补语。否定式是把"得(de)"换成"不(bu)"。
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| − | == Positive Pattern ==
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| − | [[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 做 <em>得</em> 完。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuò <em>de</em> wán.</span><span class="trans">I can finish it all.</span>
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| − | * 我 做 <em>不</em> 完。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuò <em>bu</em> wán.</span><span class="trans">I can't do it all.</span>
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| − | * 我 听 <em>得</em> 懂。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tīng <em>de</em> dǒng.</span><span class="trans">I can understand.</span>
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| − | * 我 听 <em>不</em> 懂。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ tīng <em>bu</em> dǒng.</span><span class="trans">I can't understand.</span>
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| − | * 我 买 <em>不</em> 起 那 套 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>bu</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 我 买 <em>得</em> 起 那 套 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi <em>de</em> qǐ nà tào fángzi.</span><span class="trans">I can afford (to buy) that apartment.</span>
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| − | * 我 吃 <em>得</em> 下。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>de</em> xià.</span><span class="trans">I can eat more.</span>
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| − | * 我 吃 <em>不</em> 下 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chī <em>bu</em> xià le.</span><span class="trans">I can't eat any more.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Positive Pattern ==
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | Here the [[complement]] is the second part of the potential complement after 不 (negative).
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]]
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| − | * [[Potential complement "bu dong"]]
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| − | == Sources and and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
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| − | * [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | ==== Yale ====
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | [[Category:Potential complement]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
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| − | {{Rel char|不}}
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| − | {{Structure|Complements}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
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| − | {{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing actions}}
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| − | {{Subprop|Potential complement}}
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