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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Expressing "already" with "dou"]] |
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| − | 都⋯⋯ 了 (dōu... le) is used to express that something has already happened, similar to "[["Already" with "yijing"|已经⋯⋯ 了]]." However it is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event, and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with "已经⋯⋯ 了." The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern "都已经⋯⋯ 了." Here the meaning is the same as "都⋯⋯ 了."
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| − | ==Structure==
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 都 + Time Word / Quantity + 了
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subj. + 都 + Adj. / Verb + 了
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Examples ==
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *<em>都</em> 九点 <em>了</em>，快 起床 吧！<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <em>le</em>, kuài qǐchuáng ba!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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| − | *<em>都</em> 十二 点 <em>了</em>，你 还不 睡？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <em>le</em>, nǐ hái bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12am. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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| − | *<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <em>了</em>，他 还 在 厕所 里。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <em>le</em>, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour. He's still in the bathroom.</span>
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| − | *<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <em>了</em>，你 还 这么 想？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <em>le</em>, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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| − | *你 <em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>，说话 还 像 个 孩子。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>dōu</em> kuài sānshí <em>le</em>, shuōhuà hái xiàng gè háizi.</span><span class="trans">You're 30, and you still talk like a small child.</span>
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| − | *饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <em>了</em>，快 吃 吧。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <em>le</em>. Kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
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| − | *牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏<em>了</em>，扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <em>le</em>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. You should throw it away.</span>
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| − | *我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <em>了</em>，不想 再 说 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <em>le</em>, bù xiǎng zài shuō le.</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. I don't want to repeat any more.</span>
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| − | *这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <em>了</em> 了，看 别的 吧。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <em>le</em>, kàn biéde bā.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
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| − | *他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <em>了</em>，你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <em>le</em>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He's made an apology. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 97-99) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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| − | *[[现代汉语八百词（增订本）]] (p. 178) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | === Dictionaries ===
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| − | * [[现代汉语词典（第5版）]] (p. 329 ) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都⋯⋯ 了|你 <em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>，还 不 结婚？|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
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| − | {{Rel char|了}}
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| − | {{Similar|"Already" with "yijing"}}
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| − | {{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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| − | {{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
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| − | {{Used for|Emphasizing}}
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| − | {{Translation|already}}
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