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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Potential complement]] |
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| − | [[Category:**URGENT**]] | |
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| − | Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
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| − | == Affirmative Pattern ==
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| − | Structurally, potential complements are closely related to both [[result complement]]s and [[direction complement]]s, so it helps to be familiar with those first. The most important and commonly used potential complements are derived from other complements such as the following:
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| − | * Verb + [[见]] e.g. 看见, 听见 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[懂]] e.g. 看懂, 听懂 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[完]] e.g. 吃完, 做完, 用完, 花完 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[Adjective|Adj.]] e.g. 看清楚, 听明白, 洗干净 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + [[到]] e.g. 找到, 买到, 收到 (result complements)
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| − | * Verb + Direction e.g. 上来, 下去, 进去, 起来, 走过去, 爬上去 (direction complements)
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| − | Potential complements can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 得 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Tā yīgèrén chī <em>de</em> wán zhème duō fàn ma? </span><span class="trans">Can he eat all the food by himself?</span>
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| − | *我 找 <em>不</em> 到 我 的 手机 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhǎo <em>bu</em> dào wǒ de shǒujī le.</span><span class="trans">I can't find my cellphone.</span>
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| − | *在 上海 买 <em>得</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Zài Shànghǎi mǎi <em>de</em> dào zhè gè páizi de shǒubiǎo ma? </span><span class="trans">Can you buy this brand of watch in Shanghai?</span>
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| − | *早上 五点 出发 ， 孩子们 起 <em>得</em> 来 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Zǎoshang wǔdiǎn chūfā, háizi men qǐ <em>de</em> lái ma?</span> <span class="trans">We're leaving at five a.m.; will the kids be able to come?</span>
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| − | *这么 高 的 山 ，你 爬 <em>得</em> 上去 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Zhème gāo de shān, nǐ pá <em>de</em> shàngqù ma? </span><span class="trans">The mountain is so high. Can you make it to the top?</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Negative Pattern ==
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 不 + [Complement]
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *大家 都 看 <em>不</em> 懂 这 句 话 。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu kàn <em>bu</em> dǒng zhè jù huà.</span><span class="trans">Nobody can understand this sentence.</span>
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| − | *你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shēngyīn tài xiǎo le, wǒmen tīng <em>bu</em> jiàn.</span><span class="trans">Your voice is too soft. We can't hear you.</span>
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| − | *我 没 戴 眼镜 ，看 <em>不</em> 清楚 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi dài yǎnjìng, kàn <em>bu</em> qīngchu.</span><span class="trans">When I don't wear glasses, I can't see clearly.</span>
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| − | *这 件 衬衫 太 脏 了 ，我 洗 <em>不</em> 干净 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn chènshān tài zāng le, wǒ xǐ <em>bu</em> gānjìng.</span><span class="trans">This shirt is too dirty, I can't clean it.</span>
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| − | *门 太 小 了 ，我 的 车 进 <em>不</em> 去 。<span class="pinyin">Mén tài xiǎo le, wǒ de chē jìn <em>bu</em> qù.</span><span class="trans">The door is too small. My car can't go through it.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Potential Complements with Objects ==
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| − | Objects in sentences with potential complements can occur either after the complement or at the beginning of a sentence.
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *我 听 <em>不</em> 见 你 说 的 话 。<span class="trans">I can't hear what you said.</span>
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| − | *你 说 的 话 我 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="trans">I can't hear what you said.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *你 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这 一 大 碗 面 吗 ？<span class="trans">Can you finish eating this big bowl of noodles?</span>
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| − | *这 一 大 碗 面 你 吃 <em>得</em> 完 吗 ？<span class="trans">Can you finish eating this big bowl of noodles?</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | *你 在 上海 吃 <em>不</em> 到 这样 的 小吃 。<span class="trans">You can't eat this kind of street food in Shanghai.</span>
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| − | *这样 的 小吃 你 在 上海 吃 <em>不</em> 到 。<span class="trans">You can't eat this kind of street food in Shanghai.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | == Sources and and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
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| − | * [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | ==== Yale ====
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
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| − | * [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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| − | [[Category:Potential complement]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
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| − | {{Rel char|不}}
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| − | {{Structure|Complements}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
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| − | {{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
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| − | {{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing actions}}
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| − | {{Subprop|Potential complement}}
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