Difference between revisions of "Expressing ongoing duration with double "le""
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A primer on how to express the duration of something that is still ongoing. | A primer on how to express the duration of something that is still ongoing. | ||
| − | == | + | == Only with single verbs == |
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
Expressing ''how long'' you did something ''for'' [[Expressing duration|in the past]] is one thing, but what if the action is still ongoing? | Expressing ''how long'' you did something ''for'' [[Expressing duration|in the past]] is one thing, but what if the action is still ongoing? | ||
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So 了 is first placed after the verb (to indicate that the action is completed), followed by the duration, followed by an additional 了 which tells us that the action is ongoing. You can think of the second 了 (marked in green below) as communicating the meaning of "up until now." | So 了 is first placed after the verb (to indicate that the action is completed), followed by the duration, followed by an additional 了 which tells us that the action is ongoing. You can think of the second 了 (marked in green below) as communicating the meaning of "up until now." | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Structure | + | == When the verb takes an object == |
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
Note that in the examples above, the verbs have no objects. When the verb has an object, the verb is often repeated: | Note that in the examples above, the verbs have no objects. When the verb has an object, the verb is often repeated: | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] ( | + | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (p. 68) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy] |
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 203-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy] | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 203-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy] | ||
| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 13 - | + | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 13-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy] |
=== Websites === | === Websites === | ||
Revision as of 07:09, 21 February 2014
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A primer on how to express the duration of something that is still ongoing.
Contents
Only with single verbs
Structure
Expressing how long you did something for in the past is one thing, but what if the action is still ongoing?
A clarifying example (in English) is appropriate:
- I lived in Shanghai for 5 years. (completed, not ongoing)
- I have lived in Shanghai for 5 years. (perhaps completed, but mostly likely ongoing)
- I have been living in Shanghai for 5 years. (definitely ongoing)
This article is about expressing the third situation above, the one which is ongoing.
Subject + Verb + 了 + Duration + 了
So 了 is first placed after the verb (to indicate that the action is completed), followed by the duration, followed by an additional 了 which tells us that the action is ongoing. You can think of the second 了 (marked in green below) as communicating the meaning of "up until now."
Examples
- 他 在 北京 住 了 两 年 了。He has been living in Beijing for two years.
- 你 学 了 一 年 了 。You have been learning for a year.
- 我 做 了 半 个 小时 了 。I have been doing it for half an hour.
- 我 吃 了 三 个 小时 了 。I have been eating for three hours.
- 你 睡 了 一个 小时 了 。You have been sleeping for an hour.
- 这 个 店 开 了 两 年 了 。This store has been open for two years.
- 这 个 会 ，他们 开 了 两 个 小时 了 。They've been holding this meeting for the past two hours.
- 这 本 书，你 看 了 一 个 月 了.You have been reading the book for one month.
- 孩子 们 在 这里 玩 了 一 天 了，他们 还 不 想 走。The kids have been playing here for a day now, they still don't want to leave.
- 我 等 了 你 半 个 小时 了，你 怎么 还 不 来？I have been waiting for half an hour, why haven't you arrived?
When the verb takes an object
Structure
Note that in the examples above, the verbs have no objects. When the verb has an object, the verb is often repeated:
Subject + Verb + Object + Verb + 了 + Duration + 了
Examples
- 他 住 在 北京 住 了 两 年 了 。He has been living in Beijing for two years.
- 你 学 中文 学 了 一 年 了 。You have been learning Chinese for a year.
- 我 上网 上 了 六 个 小时 了 。I have been online for six hours.
- 我们 吃饭 吃 了 三 个 小时 了 。We have been eating for three hours.
- 他 打 电话 打 了 一 个 小时 了 。He has been on the phone for an hour.
- 他 一个人 唱歌 唱 了 一 晚上 了 。He has been singing songs the whole night.
- 他 睡觉 睡 了 一 天 了 。He has been sleeping the entire day.
- 你 洗澡 洗 了 一 个 小时 了 。You has been showering for an hour.
- 你 打 游戏 打 了 一 上午 了 。You has been playing games all morning.
- 我 上网 上 了 一 下午 了 。I have been online all afternoon.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 68) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 203-4) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 13-4) →buy
Websites
- Yale: The Perfective –Le了 Versus The Modal Particle Le了
- East Asia Student: 了 grammar: four kinds of 了 in Mandarin
