Difference between revisions of "A1 grammar points"
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | "A1" (Beginner) is the first and lowest level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Level 1. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page. | + | "A1" (Beginner) is the first and lowest level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Level 1. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page. There are {{#ask: [[Level::A1]] | format=count }} total grammar points in the list below. |
= Parts of Speech = | = Parts of Speech = | ||
Revision as of 06:43, 5 November 2014
"A1" (Beginner) is the first and lowest level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Level 1. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page. There are 40 total grammar points in the list below.
Contents
Parts of Speech
Adverbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Negation of "you" with "mei" | 没 + 有 | 我 没有 钱 。 |
| Standard negation with "bu" | 不 + Verb / Adj. | 他们 不 是 坏 孩子。 |
| The "all" adverb "dou" | 都 + Verb / Adj. | 我们 都 住 在 上海。 |
| The "also" adverb "ye" | 也 + Verb / Adj. | 昨天 很 冷，今天 也 很 冷。 |
Conjunctions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "and" with "he" | Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 | 我 和 他 都 不 去。 |
| Offering choices with "haishi" | A + 还是 + B ? | 你 要 喝 茶 还是 咖啡 ? |
Numbers
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Age with "sui" | Subj. + Number + 岁 | 我 20 岁 。 |
| Measure word "ge" | Number + 个 + Noun | 一 个 人 。 |
| Structure of dates | Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日 | 今天 是 2011年 11月 11日/号 。 |
| Structure of days of the week | 星期 + Number | 今天 星期三 。 |
| Structure of numbers | Number + Unit | 三 百 五 十 九。 |
| Structure of times (basic) | Number + 点(钟) | 现在 十一点 。 |
Particles
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing close possession without "de" | Pronoun + Noun | 我 女朋友 |
| Expressing possession with "de" | Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2 | 我 的 老师 |
| Questions with "ne" | ⋯⋯呢 ? | 我 很 好。你 呢 ? |
| Suggestions with "ba" | Command + 吧 | 我们 走 吧 。 |
Verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing existence in a place with "zai" | 在 + Place | 老师 在 上海 。 |
| Expressing existence with "you" | Place + 有 + Obj. | 我们 学校 有 很 多 学生。 |
| Expressing possession with "you" | Subj. + 有 + Obj. | 我 有 钱。 |
| Using the verb "jiao" | 叫 + Name | 你 叫 什么 名字 ？ |
| Using the verb "qu" | 去 + Place | 我 去 学校。 |
| Using the verb "xing" | 姓 + Surname | 你 姓 什么 ？ |
Auxiliary verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" | 能 + Verb | 中文 这么 难，你 能 学 好 吗？ |
| Expressing a learned skill with "hui" | 会 + Verb | 他 会 说 中文 。 |
| Expressing "be going to" with "yao" | Subj. + 要 + Verb (+ 了) | 我 要 去 吃饭，你 去 吗？ |
| Expressing permission with "keyi" | 可以 + Verb | 这里 可以 吸烟 吗? |
| Wanting to do something with "yao" | 要 + Verb | 我 要 吃饭 。 |
Verb phrases
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| How to do something with "zenme" | 怎么 + Verb ? | 怎么 走? |
| Negation of past actions with "meiyou" | 没有 + Verb | 我 没有 去 酒吧。 |
| Negative commands with "buyao" | 不要 + Verb | 不要 说 英文！ |
Grammatical Structures
These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
Basics
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Basic sentence order | Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.) | 我 爱 你 。 |
| Connecting nouns with "shi" | A + 是 + B | 我 是 学生 。 |
| Expressing "excessively" with "tai" | 太 + Adj. + 了 | 太 好 了 ! |
| Simple "noun + adjective" sentences | Noun + 很 + Adj. | 我 很 好。 |
Question Forms
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative-negative question | Verb + 不 + Verb / Adj. + 不 + Adj. | 去 不 去？好 不 好 ? |
| Placement of question words | 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 | 你 是 谁 ？你 在 哪儿 ？ |
| Tag questions with "bu" | ⋯⋯是不是 / 对不对 / 好不好 ? | 你们 明天 来，好 不 好 ? |
| Tag questions with "ma" | ⋯⋯是吗 / 对吗 / 好吗 ? | 这样 做， 对 吗 ? |
| Yes-no questions with "ma" | ⋯⋯吗？ | 他 是 老板 吗 ? |
Comparisons
Numbers
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Comparing "er" and "liang" | 二 vs 两 | 两 个 人。二 十 二。 |
