Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "yijing""
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=== Books === | === Books === | ||
− | *[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] ( | + | *[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (pp. 612) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy] |
− | *[[现代汉语虚词例释]] ( | + | *[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (pp. 554) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy] |
− | *[[New Concept Chinese (新概念汉语 初级本II)]] ( | + | *[[New Concept Chinese (新概念汉语 初级本II)]] (pp.41)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E6%96%B0%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD/dp/B00119AGD0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347862743&sr=8-1 →buy] |
− | *[[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (都 vs 已经 | + | *[[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (都 vs 已经 pp. 97)[http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creative |
=== Dictionaries === | === Dictionaries === |
Revision as of 08:05, 27 February 2014
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Keywords
已经……了 (yǐjing... le) is the basic pattern used to express "already" in Chinese. Strictly speaking, the 了 here is not absolutely mandatory, but it's usually there in spoken Chinese, so it's best to think of the 了 as a part of the pattern.
Contents
Basic Pattern
已经 with Verb Phrase
Structure
The most common structure is to use 已经……了 with a verb phrase.
已经 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
Examples
- 我 已经 吃 饭 了。
- 我 已经 去 过 那里 了。
- 宝宝 已经 会 说话 了。
- 我们 已经 做 完 了。
- 他 已经 回来 了。
- 我 已经 上 飞机 了。
- 他 已经 走 了 。 (with a verb)He has already left.
- 我 已经 有 男朋友 了 。 (with a verb phrase)I already have a boyfriend.
- 我 已经 知道 这 件 事 了 。 (with a verb phrase)I already know about this matter.
- 我 已经 离开 那 家 公司 了。 (with a verb phrase)I've already left that company.
已经 with Adjective
Structure
Sometimes adjectives or even time nouns are used instead of a typical verb phrase:
已经 + Adj + 了
Examples
- 你 已经 很 漂亮 了。
- 我 已经 很 烦 了。
- 爸爸 妈妈 已经 老 了。
- 我们 已经 很 忙 了。
- 已经 很 便宜 了。
- 天 已经 黑 了 。 (with an adjective)It's already dark.
- 你 的 感冒 已经 好 了 吗 ? (with an adjective)Is your cold better already?
- 你 已经 很 瘦 了,你 不 能 再 不 吃饭 了 。 (with an adjective)You're already really thin. You can't not eat again.
- 我 已经 饿 了 。(with an adjective)I'm hungry already.
- 已经 很 晚 了 , 我们 走 吧 。(with an adjective)It's already really late. Let's go.
已经 with Time noun
Structure
已经 + [Time noun] + 了
Examples
- 已经 11点 了,女儿 还 没 回来。
- 你 已经 十 五 岁 了。
- 今天 已经 星期 五 了。
- 已经 半 个 小时 了。
- 我 学习 中文 已经 一 年 了。
- 他 去 北京 已经 两 天 了。
- 已经 十 分钟 了。
- 已经 很 长 时间 了。
- 我 的 女儿 已经 两 岁 了 。 (with an age)My daughter is already two.
- 已经 一 个 月 了。 (with a time)
Negative Form
Structure
The negative structure simply adds a 不 after 已经, and before the verb (or possibly adjective).
已经 + 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
Examples
Generally this negative 已经 structure is translated into English as "not... anymore" rather than using the word "already."
- 我 已经 不 认识 他 了。I don't know him anymore.
- 我 已经 不 爱 他 了。I don't love him anymore.
- 他 已经 不 开心 了,别 告诉 他 那 件 事 了。 He is not happy anymore, don't tell him about that thing.
- 你 已经 不 年轻 了。 You're not young anymore.
- 我 已经 不 需要 父母 的 钱 了。 I don't need my parents' money anymore.
- 在 我 心 里,他 已经 不 重要 了。 In my heart, he's no longer important.
- 你 已经 不 在 Google 工作 了 吗? You don't work at Google anymore?
- 他 已经 不 打算 去 加拿大 旅行 了。 He's no longer planning to travel to Canada.
- 现在 我 已经 不 想 去 了。Now I don't want to go anymore.
Sources and further reading
Books
- 现代汉语八百词(增订本) (pp. 612) →buy
- Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (都 vs 已经 pp. 97)[http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creative
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典(第5版) (p.1609) →buy