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| | {{Grammar Box}} | | {{Grammar Box}} |
| − | The word 包括 can be used as a verb. In addition, 包括 can also be used as an adverb at the beginning of a sentence, equivalent to the English "including".
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| − | == Basic Usage ==
| + | The word 在内 can be used as a preposition phrase, meaning ''including." In addition, the verb 包括 can often be used with 在内 at the beginning of a sentence, equivalent to the English "including". |
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| − | === Structure ===
| + | == Structure == |
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| | <div class="jiegou"> | | <div class="jiegou"> |
| − | Subj. + 包括 ⋯⋯
| + | (包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ，⋯⋯ |
| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | === Examples ===
| + | or |
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| − | <div class="liju"> | + | <div class="jiegou"> |
| | + | ⋯⋯ ，(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 |
| | + | </div> |
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| − | *他 说 “咱们”，当然 <em>包括</em> 你 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō"zánmen", dāngrán <em>bāokuò</em> nǐ.</span><span class="trans">He said "us". That certainly includes you.</span>
| + | == Examples == |
| − | *我 每 个 月 的 房租 不 <em>包括</em> 水 电 费 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ měi gè yuè de fángzū bù <em>bāokuò</em> shuǐ diàn fèi.</span><span class="trans">My monthly rent does not include my water and electric bill.</span>
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| − | *公司 的 福利 <em>包括</em> 很 多 方面。<span class="pinyin">Gōngsī de fúlì <em>bāokuò</em> hěn duō fāngmiàn.</span><span class="trans">The company's welfare benefits includes many aspects.</span>
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| − | *他 对 很 多 话题 都 很 感兴趣，<em>包括</em> 政治。<span class="pinyin">Tā duì hěn duō huàtí dōu hěn gǎn xìngqù, <em>bāokuò</em> zhèngzhì.</span><span class="trans">He finds many topics of conversation interesting, including politics.</span>
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| − | *简历 一般 <em>包括</em> 个人 信息，教育 背景，工作 经历 等。<span class="pinyin">Jiǎnlì yībān <em>bāokuò</em> gèrén xìnxī, jiàoyù bèijǐng, gōngzuò jīnglì děng.</span><span class="trans">A résumé generally includes a person's information, education background, work experience, etcetera.</span>
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| − | </div> | + | <div class="liju"> |
| − | | |
| − | == Advanced Usage ==
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| − | In English, the position of the adverb is usually flexible. But in Chinese, the word 包括 can only be placed in the head of a sentence, and will usually be used in conjunction with 在内 and 一共. In spoken language, 在内 and 一共 can be omitted.
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| − | === Structure === | + | *<strong>包括</strong> 他 的 母语 <em>在内</em> ，他 会 说 四 种 语言。<span class="trans">Including my native language, he can speak 4 languages.</span> |
| | + | *水 电 费 <em>在内</em> ，我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。<span class="trans">My monthly rent does not include my water and electric bill.</span> |
| | + | * <em>在内</em> ，。<span class="trans">.</span> |
| | + | *这次 袭击 造成 了 三人 死亡 ，<strong>包括</strong> 两 名 警察 <em>在内</em> 。<span class="trans">This attack caused three death, including two policemen.</span> |
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 包括 ⋯⋯ (+在内) ，一共 ⋯⋯
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − |
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| − | *<em>包括</em> 税，两 张 机票 一共 是 五千 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> shuì, liǎng zhāng jīpiào yīgòng shì wǔ qiān.</span> <span class="trans">Including taxes, two airplane tickets all together are $5,000.</span>
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| − | *<em>包括</em> 我 在内，一共 有 十五 个 人 参加 这个 会议 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> wǒ zàinèi, yīgòng yǒu shíwǔ gè rén cānjiā zhège huìyì.</span><span class="trans">Including myself, 15 people total participated in this meeting.</span>
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| − | *<em>包括</em> 奖金 在内，这个 月 我 拿 了 一万 块 钱 工资。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> jiǎngjīn zàinèi, zhège yuè wǒ ná le yī wàn kuài qián gōngzī.</span><span class="trans">Including bonuses, this month I received a salary of 1,000 RMB.</span>
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| − | *<em>包括</em> 母语 在内，他 一共 会 说 四 种 语言。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> mǔyǔ zàinèi, tā yīgòng huì shuō sì zhǒng yǔyán.</span><span class="trans">Including my native language, I can speak a total of 4 languages.</span>
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| − | *<em>包括</em> 每 个 月 的 物业 费，我们 办公室 的 租金 是 两 万 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> měi gè yuè de wùyè fèi, wǒmen bàngōngshì de zūjīn shì liǎng wàn.</span><span class="trans">Including monthly property fees, our office's rent is $20,000.</span>
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| | </div> | | </div> |
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| | === Books === | | === Books === |
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| | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 5上|19}} | | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 5上|19}} |
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| − | [[Category:B1 grammar points]] | + | [[Category:B2 grammar points]] |
| − | {{Basic Grammar|包括|B1|Subj. + 包括 ⋯⋯|他 说 “咱们”，当然 <em>包括</em> 你 。|grammar point|ASG50341}} | + | {{Basic Grammar|在内|B2|(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ，⋯⋯ | 水 电 费 <em>在内</em> ，我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。|grammar point|ASG50341}} |
| | {{Similar|}} | | {{Similar|}} |
| − | {{POS|Verbs}} | + | {{POS|preposition}} |
| | {{Used for|Expressing quantity}} | | {{Used for|Expressing quantity}} |
| − | {{Translation|include}}
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| | {{Translation|including}} | | {{Translation|including}} |
