Difference between revisions of "A2 grammar points"
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Negative Commands Using "''bu yao''" || 不要 + V || | + | |Negative Commands Using "''bu yao''" || 不要 + V || <span class="liju"><em>不要</em> 说话 ! <em>不要</em> 打 我 !</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Negative Commands Using "''bie''" || 别 + V || 别过来!别听她的。 | + | |Negative Commands Using "''bie''" || 别 + V || <span class="liju">别过来!别听她的。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Verb Reduplication || V + V || 你看看。我考虑考虑。 | + | |Verb Reduplication || V + V || <span class="liju">你看看。我考虑考虑。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Verb Reduplication with "''yi''" || V + 一 + V || 我看一看。你试一试。 | + | |Verb Reduplication with "''yi''" || V + 一 + V || <span class="liju">我看一看。你试一试。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Auxiliary Verb "''hui''" for "Will" || 会 + V || 明天你会来吗? | + | |Auxiliary Verb "''hui''" for "Will" || 会 + V || <span class="liju">明天你会来吗?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Auxiliary Verb "''yao''" and its Multiple Meanings || 要 + V || 明天要工作吗? | + | |Auxiliary Verb "''yao''" and its Multiple Meanings || 要 + V || <span class="liju">明天要工作吗?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Would Like to" with "''xiang''" || 想 + V || 我想去。我很想买车! | + | |Expressing "Would Like to" with "''xiang''" || 想 + V || <span class="liju">我想去。我很想买车!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Auxiliary Verb "''yinggai''" for "Should" || 应该 / 该 + V / Adj || 你应该工作。 | + | |Auxiliary Verb "''yinggai''" for "Should" || 应该 / 该 + V / Adj || <span class="liju">你应该工作。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Verbs with "''gei''" || 给…… + V / V + 给…… || 打电话给她。我给你打电话。 | + | |Verbs with "''gei''" || 给…… + V / V + 给…… || <span class="liju">打电话给她。我给你打电话。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "With" with "''gen''" || 跟…… + V || 我跟你去。不要跟我说话! | + | |Expressing "With" with "''gen''" || 跟…… + V || <span class="liju">我跟你去。不要跟我说话!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "Together" with "''yiqi''" || 一起 + V || 我们一起去吧!要不要一起吃饭? | + | |Expressing "Together" with "''yiqi''" || 一起 + V || <span class="liju">我们一起去吧!要不要一起吃饭?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Special Verbs with "''hen''" || 很 + V || 我很喜欢。她很会说话。 | + | |Special Verbs with "''hen''" || 很 + V || <span class="liju">我很喜欢。她很会说话。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using "''zai''" with Verbs || Subj. + 在 + Place + V || 我在上海工作。 | + | |Using "''zai''" with Verbs || Subj. + 在 + Place + V || <span class="liju">我在上海工作。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Special uses of "''zai''" Following Verbs || V + 在 + Place || 我住在北京。放在这里。 | + | |Special uses of "''zai''" Following Verbs || V + 在 + Place || <span class="liju">我住在北京。放在这里。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Action in Progress || (正)在 + V || 我在看书。他正在吃饭。 | + | |Expressing Action in Progress || (正)在 + V || <span class="liju">我在看书。他正在吃饭。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Special Uses of the Verb "''lai''" || 来⋯⋯ || 让我来吧。 | + | |Special Uses of the Verb "''lai''" || 来⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">让我来吧。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Easy to" do Something || 好 + V || 好做。好买。 | + | |"Easy to" do Something || 好 + V || <span class="liju">好做。好买。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Difficult to" do Something || 难 + V || 难做。难买。 | + | |"Difficult to" do Something || 难 + V || <span class="liju">难做。难买。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"(To Go) to" a Place || 到 + Place || 你到哪儿? | + | |"(To Go) to" a Place || 到 + Place || <span class="liju">你到哪儿?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Verbs that Take Double Objects || Verb + Object1 + Object2 || 你有没有问她为什么? | + | |Verbs that Take Double Objects || Verb + Object1 + Object2 || <span class="liju">你有没有问她为什么?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Inability with "''mei banfa''" || 没办法 + V || 我没办法帮你。 | + | |Inability with "''mei banfa''" || 没办法 + V || <span class="liju">我没办法帮你。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Time Words and Word Order || Subj. + Time… / Time + Subj…. || 我明天有空。/ 明天我有空。 | + | |Time Words and Word Order || Subj. + Time… / Time + Subj…. || <span class="liju">我明天有空。/ 明天我有空。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |From… to… || 从…… 到…… || 从1号到5号我在上海。 | + | |From… to… || 从…… 到…… || <span class="liju">从1号到5号我在上海。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Before" in General || 以前,…… || 以前,我不会中文。 | + | |"Before" in General || 以前,…… || <span class="liju">以前,我不会中文。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"In the Future" in General || 以后,…… || 以后,你不要问我。 | + | |"In the Future" in General || 以后,…… || <span class="liju">以后,你不要问我。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Before" a Specific Time || Time + 以前 || 10点以前,我在家。 | + | |"Before" a Specific Time || Time + 以前 || <span class="liju">10点以前,我在家。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"After" a Specific Time || Time + 以后 || 10点以后,我不在家。 | + | |"After" a Specific Time || Time + 以后 || <span class="liju">10点以后,我不在家。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Talking about "When" Something Happens || ……的时候 || 你在的时候,我很开心。 | + | |Talking about "When" Something Happens || ……的时候 || <span class="liju">你在的时候,我很开心。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Duration || [Verb Phrase] + [Duration] (+ 了) || 他在北京住了两年。 | + | |Expressing Duration || [Verb Phrase] + [Duration] (+ 了) || <span class="liju">他在北京住了两年。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Duration of Inaction || [Duration] + 没 + [Verb Phrase] ) (+ 了) || 他已经三天没洗澡了。 | + | |Expressing Duration of Inaction || [Duration] + 没 + [Verb Phrase] ) (+ 了) || <span class="liju">他已经三天没洗澡了。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |The Sentence-Final Interjection "''a''" || ……啊! || 你好啊!对啊!是啊! | + | |The Sentence-Final Interjection "''a''" || ……啊! || <span class="liju">你好啊!对啊!是啊!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing Completion with "''le''" || V + 了 || 她去了北京。 | + | |Expressing Completion with "''le''" || V + 了 || <span class="liju">她去了北京。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Softening Speech with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || 这样不太好吧。 | + | |Softening Speech with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || <span class="liju">这样不太好吧。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Conceding with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || 那好吧。 | + | |Conceding with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || <span class="liju">那好吧。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Questions with "''le ma''" || ……了 + 吗? || 北京去了吗? | + | |Questions with "''le ma''" || ……了 + 吗? || <span class="liju">北京去了吗?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Asking "Why" with "''zenme''" || 怎么……? || 你怎么没来? | + | |Asking "Why" with "''zenme''" || 怎么……? || <span class="liju">你怎么没来?</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Modifying Nouns with Adjectives and "''de''" || Adj + 的 + N || 漂亮的衣服。好看的书。 | + | |Modifying Nouns with Adjectives and "''de''" || Adj + 的 + N || <span class="liju">漂亮的衣服。好看的书。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Modifying Nouns with Phrases and "''de''" || [Phrase] + 的 + N || 去北京的火车。今天来的人。 | + | |Modifying Nouns with Phrases and "''de''" || [Phrase] + 的 + N || <span class="liju">去北京的火车。今天来的人。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Both"… "And"… with "''you''" || 又…… 又…… || 他又高又帅。老师又漂亮又聪明。 | + | |"Both"… "And"… with "''you''" || 又…… 又…… || <span class="liju">他又高又帅。老师又漂亮又聪明。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "a little (too)" with "''you yidian(r)''" || 有一点(儿) + Adj || 我有一点儿冷。他有一点饿。 | + | |Expressing "a little (too)" with "''you yidian(r)''" || <span class="liju">有一点(儿) + Adj || 我有一点儿冷。他有一点饿。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Asking about Degree with "''duo''" || 多 + Adj? || 他多高?外面多冷? | + | |Asking about Degree with "''duo''" || 多 + Adj? || <span class="liju">他多高?外面多冷?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Using "''duo''" as an Intensifier || 多 + Adj || 多好!外面多舒服! | + | |Using "''duo''" as an Intensifier || 多 + Adj || <span class="liju">多好!外面多舒服!</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Continuation with "''hai''" to mean "Still" || 还 + V / Adj || 你还在看书?现在还早。 | + | |Continuation with "''hai''" to mean "Still" || 还 + V / Adj || <span class="liju">你还在看书?现在还早。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Moderating Positive Adjectives with "''hai''" || 还 + Adj || 还可以。还好。 | + | |Moderating Positive Adjectives with "''hai''" || 还 + Adj || <span class="liju">还可以。还好。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "But" in Two Ways || ……,但是 / 可是…… || 我喜欢,但是我不要买。 | + | |Expressing "But" in Two Ways || ……,但是 / 可是…… || <span class="liju">我喜欢,但是我不要买。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Expressing "And" with "''he''" || N1 + 和 + N2 || 你和她。 | + | |Expressing "And" with "''he''" || N1 + 和 + N2 || <span class="liju">你和她。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Explaining Causes with "''yinwei''" || ……,因为… || 我不喜欢汉字,因为很难记。 | + | |Explaining Causes with "''yinwei''" || ……,因为… || <span class="liju">我不喜欢汉字,因为很难记。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Explaining Results with "''suoyi''" || ……,所以… || 我不学汉字,所以觉得中文很难。 | + | |Explaining Results with "''suoyi''" || ……,所以… || <span class="liju">我不学汉字,所以觉得中文很难。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |"Or" in Non-Questions || ...或者… || 我想去青岛或者南京。 | + | |"Or" in Non-Questions || ...或者… || <span class="liju">我想去青岛或者南京。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |The Filler Word "''neige''" || ……那个…… || 我喜欢吃那个,那个…… | + | |The Filler Word "''neige''" || ……那个…… || <span class="liju">我喜欢吃那个,那个……</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Ordinal Numbers || 第 + Number (+ MW) || 这是第三课。 | + | |Ordinal Numbers || 第 + Number (+ MW) || <span class="liju">这是第三课。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Counting Money || Number + 块/元 (+ Number + 毛/角) (+ 钱) || 给你五块三毛。 | + | |Counting Money || Number + 块/元 (+ Number + 毛/角) (+ 钱) || <span class="liju">给你五块三毛。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Approximating with Sequential Numbers || Number + [Number +1] || 三四个人。一两天。 | + | |Approximating with Sequential Numbers || Number + [Number +1] || <span class="liju">三四个人。一两天。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words for Counting || Number + MW + N || 一个人。一杯水。 | + | |Measure Words for Counting || Number + MW + N || <span class="liju">一个人。一杯水。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words in Quantity Questions || 几 + MW (+ N) ? || 几个人?几杯水? | + | |Measure Words in Quantity Questions || 几 + MW (+ N) ? || <span class="liju">几个人?几杯水?</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Measure Words to Differentiate || 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) || 那个人。这杯水。 | + | |Measure Words to Differentiate || 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) || <span class="liju">那个人。这杯水。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Pronoun "''mei''" for "Every" || 每 + MW (+ N) || 每个人。每次。每天。 | + | |Pronoun "''mei''" for "Every" || 每 + MW (+ N) || <span class="liju">每个人。每次。每天。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
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! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''bi''" || N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj || 你比我胖。 | + | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''bi''" || N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj || <span class="liju">你比我胖。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''meiyou''" || N1 + 没有 + N2 + Adj || 你没有他胖。 | + | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''meiyou''" || N1 + 没有 + N2 + Adj || <span class="liju">你没有他胖。</span> |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''yiyang''" || N1 + 跟 + N2 + 一样 + Adj || 我跟你一样高。 | + | |Making Basic Comparisons with "''yiyang''" || N1 + 跟 + N2 + 一样 + Adj || <span class="liju">我跟你一样高。</span> |
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Levels]] | [[Category:Levels]] |
Revision as of 10:04, 8 August 2011
"A2" is the second level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page.
Contents
Verbs
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Negative Commands Using "bu yao" | 不要 + V | 不要 说话 ! 不要 打 我 ! |
Negative Commands Using "bie" | 别 + V | 别过来!别听她的。 |
Verb Reduplication | V + V | 你看看。我考虑考虑。 |
Verb Reduplication with "yi" | V + 一 + V | 我看一看。你试一试。 |
Auxiliary Verb "hui" for "Will" | 会 + V | 明天你会来吗? |
Auxiliary Verb "yao" and its Multiple Meanings | 要 + V | 明天要工作吗? |
Expressing "Would Like to" with "xiang" | 想 + V | 我想去。我很想买车! |
Auxiliary Verb "yinggai" for "Should" | 应该 / 该 + V / Adj | 你应该工作。 |
Verbs with "gei" | 给…… + V / V + 给…… | 打电话给她。我给你打电话。 |
Expressing "With" with "gen" | 跟…… + V | 我跟你去。不要跟我说话! |
Expressing "Together" with "yiqi" | 一起 + V | 我们一起去吧!要不要一起吃饭? |
Special Verbs with "hen" | 很 + V | 我很喜欢。她很会说话。 |
Using "zai" with Verbs | Subj. + 在 + Place + V | 我在上海工作。 |
Special uses of "zai" Following Verbs | V + 在 + Place | 我住在北京。放在这里。 |
Expressing Action in Progress | (正)在 + V | 我在看书。他正在吃饭。 |
Special Uses of the Verb "lai" | 来⋯⋯ | 让我来吧。 |
"Easy to" do Something | 好 + V | 好做。好买。 |
"Difficult to" do Something | 难 + V | 难做。难买。 |
"(To Go) to" a Place | 到 + Place | 你到哪儿? |
Verbs that Take Double Objects | Verb + Object1 + Object2 | 你有没有问她为什么? |
Inability with "mei banfa" | 没办法 + V | 我没办法帮你。 |
Time
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Time Words and Word Order | Subj. + Time… / Time + Subj…. | 我明天有空。/ 明天我有空。 |
From… to… | 从…… 到…… | 从1号到5号我在上海。 |
"Before" in General | 以前,…… | 以前,我不会中文。 |
"In the Future" in General | 以后,…… | 以后,你不要问我。 |
"Before" a Specific Time | Time + 以前 | 10点以前,我在家。 |
"After" a Specific Time | Time + 以后 | 10点以后,我不在家。 |
Talking about "When" Something Happens | ……的时候 | 你在的时候,我很开心。 |
Expressing Duration | [Verb Phrase] + [Duration] (+ 了) | 他在北京住了两年。 |
Expressing Duration of Inaction | [Duration] + 没 + [Verb Phrase] ) (+ 了) | 他已经三天没洗澡了。 |
Particles
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
The Sentence-Final Interjection "a" | ……啊! | 你好啊!对啊!是啊! |
Expressing Completion with "le" | V + 了 | 她去了北京。 |
Softening Speech with "ba" | ……吧。 | 这样不太好吧。 |
Conceding with "ba" | ……吧。 | 那好吧。 |
Question Forms
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Questions with "le ma" | ……了 + 吗? | 北京去了吗? |
Asking "Why" with "zenme" | 怎么……? | 你怎么没来? |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Modifying Nouns with Adjectives and "de" | Adj + 的 + N | 漂亮的衣服。好看的书。 |
Modifying Nouns with Phrases and "de" | [Phrase] + 的 + N | 去北京的火车。今天来的人。 |
"Both"… "And"… with "you" | 又…… 又…… | 他又高又帅。老师又漂亮又聪明。 |
Expressing "a little (too)" with "you yidian(r)" | 有一点(儿) + Adj | 我有一点儿冷。他有一点饿。 |
Asking about Degree with "duo" | 多 + Adj? | 他多高?外面多冷? |
Using "duo" as an Intensifier | 多 + Adj | 多好!外面多舒服! |
Continuation with "hai" to mean "Still" | 还 + V / Adj | 你还在看书?现在还早。 |
Moderating Positive Adjectives with "hai" | 还 + Adj | 还可以。还好。 |
Connectors
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Expressing "But" in Two Ways | ……,但是 / 可是…… | 我喜欢,但是我不要买。 |
Expressing "And" with "he" | N1 + 和 + N2 | 你和她。 |
Explaining Causes with "yinwei" | ……,因为… | 我不喜欢汉字,因为很难记。 |
Explaining Results with "suoyi" | ……,所以… | 我不学汉字,所以觉得中文很难。 |
"Or" in Non-Questions | ...或者… | 我想去青岛或者南京。 |
The Filler Word "neige" | ……那个…… | 我喜欢吃那个,那个…… |
Numbers and Measure Words
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Ordinal Numbers | 第 + Number (+ MW) | 这是第三课。 |
Counting Money | Number + 块/元 (+ Number + 毛/角) (+ 钱) | 给你五块三毛。 |
Approximating with Sequential Numbers | Number + [Number +1] | 三四个人。一两天。 |
Measure Words for Counting | Number + MW + N | 一个人。一杯水。 |
Measure Words in Quantity Questions | 几 + MW (+ N) ? | 几个人?几杯水? |
Measure Words to Differentiate | 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) | 那个人。这杯水。 |
Pronoun "mei" for "Every" | 每 + MW (+ N) | 每个人。每次。每天。 |
Comparisons
Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
---|---|---|
Making Basic Comparisons with "bi" | N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj | 你比我胖。 |
Making Basic Comparisons with "meiyou" | N1 + 没有 + N2 + Adj | 你没有他胖。 |
Making Basic Comparisons with "yiyang" | N1 + 跟 + N2 + 一样 + Adj | 我跟你一样高。 |