Difference between revisions of "Expressing "never" with "conglai""
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Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. | Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. | ||
| − | == | + | == 从来 with 不 == |
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
When you follow 从来 with 不, you are expressing that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink." | When you follow 从来 with 不, you are expressing that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink." | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | Subject + 从来 不 + Verb Phrase | + | Subject + 从来 + 不 + Verb Phrase |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | == 从来 with 没 == |
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
Use 从来 with 没 or 没有 (and 过 after the verb) to indicate that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 is appropriate. 过 also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience. | Use 从来 with 没 or 没有 (and 过 after the verb) to indicate that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 is appropriate. 过 also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience. | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | Subject + 从来 | + | Subject + 从来 + 没(有) + Verb + 过 |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 needs to come immediately after the verb. | Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 needs to come immediately after the verb. | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 去<em> 过</em> 美国。<span class="trans">I have never went to America.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 想 <em>过</em> 这 个 问题。<span class="trans">I never thought of this problem.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 做 <em>过</em> 中国 菜。<span class="trans">I have never made Chinese food.</span> |
| − | * 他 <em>从来 | + | * 他 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 喝 <em>过</em> 可乐。<span class="trans">He has never been drunk cola.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 吃 <em>过</em> 臭 豆腐。<span class="trans">I have never eaten stinky Tofu.</span> |
| − | * 她 <em>从来 | + | * 她 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 哭 <em>过</em>。<span class="trans">She never cried.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 听说 <em>过</em> 这 个 地方。<span class="trans">I have never before heard about this place.</span> |
| − | * 有的 孩子 <em>从来 | + | * 有的 孩子 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 用 <em>过</em> 电脑。<span class="trans">Some kids have never used a computer.</span> |
| − | * 分手 以后， 我 <em>从来 | + | * 分手 以后， 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 见 <em>过</em> 他。<span class="trans">After breaking up, I never saw him again.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从来 | + | * 我 <em>从来 没(有)</em> 学 <em>过</em> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have never before studied this word.</span> |
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | * 我 <em>从没</em> 去<em> 过</em> 美国。<span class="trans">I have never went to America.</span> | ||
* 我 <em>从没</em> 想 <em>过</em> 这 个 问题。<span class="trans">I never thought of this problem.</span> | * 我 <em>从没</em> 想 <em>过</em> 这 个 问题。<span class="trans">I never thought of this problem.</span> | ||
* 我 <em>从没</em> 做 <em>过</em> 中国 菜。<span class="trans">I have never made Chinese food.</span> | * 我 <em>从没</em> 做 <em>过</em> 中国 菜。<span class="trans">I have never made Chinese food.</span> | ||
| − | * 他 <em>从没</em> 喝 | + | * 他 <em>从没</em> 喝 <em>过</em> 可乐。<span class="trans">He has never been drunk cola.</span> |
| − | * 我 | + | * 我 <em>从没</em> 吃 <em>过</em> 臭 豆腐。<span class="trans">I have never eaten stinky Tofu.</span> |
| − | |||
* 她 <em>从没</em> 哭 <em>过</em>。<span class="trans">She never cried.</span> | * 她 <em>从没</em> 哭 <em>过</em>。<span class="trans">She never cried.</span> | ||
| − | * 我 | + | * 我 <em>从没</em> 听说 <em>过</em> 这 个 地方。<span class="trans">I have never before heard about this place.</span> |
* 有的 孩子 <em>从没</em> 用 <em>过</em> 电脑。<span class="trans">Some kids have never used a computer.</span> | * 有的 孩子 <em>从没</em> 用 <em>过</em> 电脑。<span class="trans">Some kids have never used a computer.</span> | ||
| − | * 分手 以后， 我 <em>从没</em> | + | * 分手 以后， 我 <em>从没</em> 见 <em>过</em> 他。<span class="trans">After breaking up, I never saw him again.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>从没</em> | + | * 我 <em>从没</em> 学 <em>过</em> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have never before studied this word.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
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===Books=== | ===Books=== | ||
| − | *[[BRIDGE (桥梁 实用汉语中级教程上)]] ( | + | *[[BRIDGE (桥梁 实用汉语中级教程上)]] (p.40) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B003AKZFFC/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B003AKZFFC&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-23 →buy] |
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (p. 59) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy] | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (p. 59) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy] | ||
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[[Category:A2 grammar points]] | [[Category:A2 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|从来|A2| | + | {{Basic Grammar|从来|A2|从来不/从来没(有)|她 <em>从来 不</em> 喝 酒。我 <em>从来 没有</em> 去<em> 过</em> 美国。|grammar point|ASG8NM5E}} |
{{Rel char|从不}} | {{Rel char|从不}} | ||
{{Rel char|从没}} | {{Rel char|从没}} | ||
Revision as of 06:04, 21 February 2014
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you never do something (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you have never done something (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech.
Contents
从来 with 不
Structure
When you follow 从来 with 不, you are expressing that you never do something (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink."
Subject + 从来 + 不 + Verb Phrase
Examples
- 她 从来 不 喝 酒。She never drinks.
- 我 从来 不 一 个 人 在 家。I have never been home alone.
- 他 从来 不 关心 别人。He never cares about others.
- 我 从来 不 吃 鱼。I never eat fish.
- 我 从来 不 说 英文。I never speak English.
- 我 爸爸 从来 不 生气。My dad never angry.
- 你 父母 从来 不 打 你 吗？Do your parents never hit you?
- 我 的 女朋友 从来 不 给 我 打电话。My girlfriend never gives me a call.
- 她 很 奇怪，她 从来 不 笑。She is very strange, she never laughs.
- 这 个 地方 从来 不 下雪。It never snows at this place.
Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech.
Subject + 从不 + Verb Phrase
- 她 从不 喝 酒。She never drinks.
- 我 从不 一 个 人 在 家。I have never been home alone.
- 他 从不 关心 别人。He never cares about others.
- 我 从不 吃 鱼。I never eat fish.
- 我 从不 说 英文。I never speak English.
- 我 爸爸 从不 生气。My dad never angry.
- 你 父母 从不 打 你 吗？Do your parents never hit you?
- 我 的 女朋友 从不 给 我 打电话。My girlfriend never gives me a call.
- 她 很 奇怪，她 从不 笑。She is very strange, she never laughs.
- 这 个 地方 从不 下雪。It never snows at this place.
从来 with 没
Structure
Use 从来 with 没 or 没有 (and 过 after the verb) to indicate that you have never done something (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 is appropriate. 过 also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience.
Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech.
Subject + 从来 + 没(有) + Verb + 过
Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 needs to come immediately after the verb.
Examples
- 我 从来 没(有) 去 过 美国。I have never went to America.
- 我 从来 没(有) 想 过 这 个 问题。I never thought of this problem.
- 我 从来 没(有) 做 过 中国 菜。I have never made Chinese food.
- 他 从来 没(有) 喝 过 可乐。He has never been drunk cola.
- 我 从来 没(有) 吃 过 臭 豆腐。I have never eaten stinky Tofu.
- 她 从来 没(有) 哭 过。She never cried.
- 我 从来 没(有) 听说 过 这 个 地方。I have never before heard about this place.
- 有的 孩子 从来 没(有) 用 过 电脑。Some kids have never used a computer.
- 分手 以后， 我 从来 没(有) 见 过 他。After breaking up, I never saw him again.
- 我 从来 没(有) 学 过 这 个 词。I have never before studied this word.
Also, Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. So the pattern is:
Subject + 从没 + Verb + 过
- 我 从没 去 过 美国。I have never went to America.
- 我 从没 想 过 这 个 问题。I never thought of this problem.
- 我 从没 做 过 中国 菜。I have never made Chinese food.
- 他 从没 喝 过 可乐。He has never been drunk cola.
- 我 从没 吃 过 臭 豆腐。I have never eaten stinky Tofu.
- 她 从没 哭 过。She never cried.
- 我 从没 听说 过 这 个 地方。I have never before heard about this place.
- 有的 孩子 从没 用 过 电脑。Some kids have never used a computer.
- 分手 以后， 我 从没 见 过 他。After breaking up, I never saw him again.
- 我 从没 学 过 这 个 词。I have never before studied this word.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- BRIDGE (桥梁 实用汉语中级教程上) (p.40) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (p. 59) →buy
Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Usage of 从来
