Expressing "when" with "shi"

By now you should now how to express "when" using "的时候" (de shíhou). But there's also a slightly shorter, more formal way to do it: simply use 时 (shí) all by itself. (No 的!)

Structure

Verb / Adj. + 时 ( ，) + Predicate

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

As time words can appear before or after the subject, you can also place the Time + 时 (shí) after the subject.

There are two great examples of this pattern in the poem below:

你

一会儿看我

一会儿看云

你看我时很远

你看云时很近

Examples

• 考试 时 不要 说话 。Kǎoshì shí bùyào shuōhuà.Don't talk when you take a test.
• 面试 时 我 经常 会 问 这个 问题 。Miànshì shí wǒ jīngcháng huì wèn zhège wèntí.I often ask this question in a job interview.
• 会议 结束 时 老板 才 来 。Huìyì jiéshù shí lǎobǎn cái lái.The boss didn't show up until the meeting was over.
• 我 生气 时 不 想 说话 。Wǒ shēngqì shí bù xiǎng shuōhuà.I don't want to talk when I'm angry.
• 他们 结婚 时 什么 都 没有 。Tāmen jiéhūn shí shénme dōu méiyǒu.They barely own anything when they got married.
• 大学 毕业 时 ，他们 分手 了 。Dàxué bìyè shí, tāmen fēnshǒu le.When they graduated, they broke up.
• 飞机 起飞 时 ，他 关 了 手机 和 电脑 。Fēijī qǐfēi shí, tā guān le shǒujī hé diànnǎo.When the plane took off, he turned off his cell phone and computer.
• 他 去世 时 ，儿女 都 不 在 身边 。Tā qùshì shí, érnǚ dōu bù zài shēnbiān.His parents weren't home when he passed away.
• 我们 公司 成立 时 只有 三 个 人 。Wǒmen gōngsī chénglì shí zhǐyǒu sān gè rén.There were only three people when this company was founded.
• 跟 别人 说话 时 不要 玩 手机 。Gēn biérén shuōhuà shí bùyào wán shǒujī.Don't play with your cell phone when you talk with other people.

See also

• Before a specific time
• In the future in general
• Comparing "yihou" and "de shihou"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 24-5) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 293-4) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy