Expressing "age difference" with "da and xiao"

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If you have siblings, Chinese people will often ask how much older or younger they are by saying: "他（她）比你小几岁" or "他（她）比你大几岁 ". Notice, here you can't use “年轻” or "老“.

Structure

A + 比 + B + 大 / 小 + Number + 岁

Note that 岁 is used here, instead of 年, to mean "year old."

Examples

我姐姐比我大两岁。Wǒ jiějie bǐ wǒ dà liǎng suì.My sister is two years older than me.
你比你哥哥小几岁？ Nǐ bǐ nǐ gēge xiǎo jǐ suì? How much younger are you than your elder brother?
他女朋友比他大十岁。Tā nǚpéngyou bǐ tā dà shí suì.His girlfriend is 10 years older than him.
我老板很年轻，只比我大三四岁。Wǒ lǎobǎn hěn niánqīng, zhǐ bǐ wǒ dà sān sì suì.My boss is very young. He is only three or four years older than me.

If you just wonder which is elder or younger, these example sentences will be helpful:

你俩谁大？Nǐ liǎ shéi dà ?Who is older between you two?
你爸爸和你妈妈谁大？Nǐ bàba hé nǐ māma shéi dà?Who is older, your dad or your mom?
你们五个人里谁最小？Nǐmen wǔ gè rén lǐ shéi zuì xiǎo?Who is the youngest among the five of you?

But if you're talking about being the same age, use this structure instead.

A + 和 / 跟 + B + 一样 / 差不多 + 大

A few examples:

他女朋友和他女儿一样大。Tā nǚpéngyou hé tā nǚ'ér yīyàng dà.His girlfriend is about the same age as his daughter.
我爸爸和妈妈 差不多 大。Wǒ bàba hé māma chàbuduō dà.My dad is about the same age as my mom.

Multiple Ways of Asking about Age

询问孩子、朋友、老人的年龄的说法，在汉语里也有一定的讲究。譬如，对孩子(10岁以下)、同龄人、较为年长的人，都有专门的问法。对女性，要看年龄。中年女性一般不问。

A few examples:

小朋友，你几岁了？Xiǎopéngyou, nǐ jǐ suì le?Kid, how old are you?
大妈，您 多大年纪 了？Dàmā, nín duō dà niánjì le?Old lady, how old are you?
爷爷，您 多大岁数 了？Yéye, nín duō dà suìshu le?Old man, how old are you?
我是 90 的，你是 哪年 的？Wǒ shì jiǔ líng de, nǐ shì nǎ nián de?I was born in 1990. Which year were you born?

Sources and further reading

Books