Asking why with "zenme"

Aside from just meaning "how," 怎么 (zěnme) can also be used to ask "why" or "how come."

Basic Usage

With Verb

Structure

Similar to the question word 为什么 (wèishéme), questions can also be asked with 怎么 (zěnme).

Subj. + 怎么 + Verb + Obj. ?

This has similar connotations to saying "how come" in English. It not only asks why, but expresses some surprise at the situation, and in some cases even disagreement with it.

Examples

• 你 怎么 不 说 “谢谢” ？ Nǐ zěnme bù shuō xièxiè? How come you didn't say thank you?
• 大家 怎么 都 不 说话？ Zěnme bù shuōhuà? Why don't you speak?
• 你 女 朋友 怎么 没 跟 你 一起 来？ Nǐ nǚpéngyou zěnme méi gēn nǐ yīqǐ lái? How come your girlfriend didn't come together with you?
• 大家 都 在 喝酒，你 怎么 不 喝？ Dàjiā dōu zài hējiǔ, nǐ zěnme bù hē? Everyone is drinking wine.Why aren't you drinking?
• 今天 是 星期一，你 怎么 不 去 上班 ？ Jīntiān shì xīngqīyī, nǐ zěnme bù qù shàngbān? Today is Monday.Why didn't you go to work?

With Adjective

Structure

In this case, you need some negative words after 怎么 (zěnme).

Subj. + 怎么 + [Negative Adjective Words]

Examples

• 每 天 工作 十 二 个 小时 ， 你 怎么 不 累 ？ Měi tiān gōngzuò shí'èr ge xiǎoshí, nǐ zěnme bù lèi? Everyday you work 12 hours, why are you not tired?
• 他 打 了 你，你 怎么 不 生气？ Tā dǎ le nǐ, nǐ zěnme bù shēngqì? He hit you.How come you are not mad at him?
• 她 妈妈 死 了，她 怎么 不 难过？ Tāmāma sǐ le, tā zěnme bù nánguò? Her mom is dead.Why isn't she sad?
• 水 怎么 不 热 ？ Shuǐ zěnme bù rè? Why is the water not hot?
• 这里 的 川菜 怎么 不 辣 ？ Zhèlǐ de chuāncài zěnme bù là? Why is the Sichuan food here not spicy?

"Why so..." Usage

Structure

One pattern this use of 怎么 (zěnme) frequently appears in is with 这么 (zhème) or 那么 (nàme). (For more on 这么 (zhème) and 那么 (nàme), see adjectives with "name" and "zheme").

Subj. + 怎么 + 这么/那么 + Adj.

This use of 怎么 (zěnme) could be translated as either "how" or "why"; the actual meaning sort of falls in the fuzzy region between the two. In any case, it's used to express disbelief: how can (something) be so (adjective)?!

Examples

• 昨天 怎么 那么 冷？ Zuótiān zěnme nàme lěng? How could it be so cold yesterday?
• 这些人 怎么 这么 吵？ Zhè xiē rén zěnme zhème chǎo? How can these people so loud?
• 北京 的 空气 怎么 那么 差？ Běijīng de kōngqì zěnme nàme chà? How can the air in Beijing be so bad?
• 你的 汉语 怎么 那么 好？ Nǐ de Hànyǔ zěnme nàme hǎo? How is your Chinese so good?
• 他 怎么 那么 懒？ Tā zěnme nàme lǎn? How can he be this lazy?

See also

• Placement of question words

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (p. 191) →buy