Advanced "le" after an object
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You may have learned that 了 (le) follows immediately after a verb to indicate completion (AKA 了1), and comes at the end of a sentence when it indicates a "change of state" (AKA 了2). But what's the explanation for how it frequently follows not the verb, but the object after the verb? That's what this grammar point is about: bringing a bit more depth to your understanding of expressing completion with "le".
Contents
Two Possible Structures
Both of these basic structures are possible (and correct).
Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj.
Subj. + Verb + Obj. + 了
从上来说，Verb + 了 + Obj.语气常常不能自足的，一般要加一个后续小句。
The point of this article is to determine when to use one, and when to use the other. Note that there maybe be other words and phrases slipped into the general patterns above.
了 After a Verb with an Object
Verb + 了 + Obj.语气上往往不能自足，但满以下几种条件都是可以成句的:
- 宾语有修饰限定的成分，如数量短语、形容词，或者宾语本身即专有名词。
- 句中有时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。
- 在对话中作为答句。
If the object placed after the verb is very simple, it is typical to have something modifying the object, such as a number and measure word, an adjective, or the sentence should specify a time, place, reason, or method for the action.
Structure
Verb + 了 + [Specified Information] + Obj.
Examples
- 他们 看 了 两 场 电影 。They went to see two movies.
- 我们 吃 了 印度 菜 。We ate Indian food.
- 她 穿 了 最漂亮 的 裙子 。She wore her most beautiful dress.
如果在句末再加一个“了”，则有两层含义：一是强调或暗示数量多；二是表示“还有可能继续”。
If another 了 is added at the end of the sentence, it indicates two things. One is to emphasize or imply that the number in front of the object is already a big number, and the other is to indicate that this number could continue to grow.
- 我们 生 了 四 个 孩子 了 。
- 你 吃 了 五 个 包子 了。You've eaten five
- 她 一年 换 了 三 个 工作 了。
如果宾语前既有数量短语限定，也有定语形容词
了 After an Object
- 我们 买 了 礼物 。We bought the present.
- 老板 知道 了 这件事 。The boss knew about this.
- 她 找到 了 工作 。She found a job.
- 孩子 学会 了 游泳 。The child learned how to swim.
“了1”用在持续性动词后表示实现，如“吃、看、听、住、洗、停”等。但除非是
- A: 你们 吃 早饭 了 吗 ？Did you eat breakfast.
- B: 我们 都 吃 了 早饭 。We all had breakfast.
- A: 你 看 这本书 了 吗 ？Did you read this book?
- B: 我 看 了 这本书 。I read this book.
- 我 上 了 课 。 I took the class (and I finished it).
- 老师 问 了 问题。The teacher asked questions.
如果句末再加一个“了”，则表示加强肯定语气，这时宾语因为是特指的，所以可能就是非常简单的。
If there is another 了 placed at the end of the sentence, it can add a stronger emphasis that the action was completed, in the same way we might say we "did finish the work" instead of just saying we "finished the work."
Examples
- 我 做 了 作业 了 ，你 要 看 吗 ？I did finish my homework. Do you want to see it?
- 我们 吃 了 饭 了 ，你 不用 给 我们 做 吃的 。We did eat.You don't need to cook for us.
- 他 问了 经理 了 ，经理 说 行 。He did ask the manager, and he said yes.
When the object is preceded by a number and measure word, the 了 is usually placed directly after the verb. It indicates the completion of the action, and shows that the object directly following it is receiving the action of the verb.
If the object has both a number-measure-word pair and a general adjective associated with it, then it is not very suitable to use an extra 了 in the emphatic way described above.
- 我 买 了 五 本 有意思的 书 了 。I‘ve bought five interesting books.
- 我 买 了 五 本 有意思的 书 。I‘ve bought five interesting books.
- 他 做 了 几 件 重要的 事 了 。He's done a few important things.
- 他 做 了 几 件 重要的 事 。He's done a few important things.
动宾结构的动词作谓语时，需注意。如“结婚”，“结婚了”表示动作或者状态的完成；“结了婚”表示句子还没说完，还有后续的分句补充。
A verb-object structured word, such as "看书," "吃饭," or "结婚," a phrase like "结婚了" would simply indicate that the action or state has been completed, whereas "结了婚" would, in addition, indicate that the speaker has more to say or comment on after the phrase.
- 我 已经 下班 了。I‘m off work now.
- 我 下 了 班 就 去 见 你。I‘ll see you as soon as I get off work.
- 他 离婚了 。He got a divorce.
- 他 离 了 婚 以后 又 找 了 一 个 女人。After the divorce he found another woman.
在一连串的事件中，“了”的位置起到标志主要事件的作用。
In a list of consecutive events, the position of 了 serves to signal the purpose of the events.
- 他 上周 帮 我 搬 了 家 。He helped me move last week.
- 老板 请 我 吃了 一 顿 大餐。My boss invited me to a big dinner.
