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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT [[Affirmative-negative question]] |
| − | A common way to form questions in Chinese is to first use a [[verbs|verb]] in the positive, then repeat the same verb in its negative form. These are called "affirmative-negative questions" or "alternative questions." The structure is:
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| − | == Verb Not Verb ==
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Verb + 不 + Verb
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| − | </div>
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| − | For example:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 你 <em>是 不 是</em> 中国人？<span class="trans">Are you Chinese?</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | Note that the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Verb" or "不 Verb."
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| − | == Adjective Not Adjective ==
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| − | It can also be done with [[adjectives]] (adjectives often behave like verbs in Chinese):
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Adjective + 不 + Adjective
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| − | </div>
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| − | For example:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>好 不 好</em>？<span class="trans">Is it good?(or "good or not good?")</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | Again, the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Adjective" or "不 Adjective."
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| − | These are something like adding tag questions in English, in this case "Are you an adult or not?" If you wanted to translate it very literally, it would be, "Are you or are you not an adult?" In any case, the structure is a very common way to ask questions in Chinese.
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| − | == Verb Not Verb with an Object ==
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| − | If you want to add an object after the verb, the general sentence structure is:
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + Verb + 不 + Verb + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | Some examples:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | |+Positive negative questions
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| − | ! Subject !! <em>Verb</em> !! <em>不</em> !! <em>Verb</em> !! Object !!
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| − | | 她 || <em>是</em> || <em>不</em> || <em>是</em> || 中国人 || ？
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| − | | 他 || <em>吃</em> || <em>不</em> || <em>吃</em> || 肉 || ？
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| − | | 你 || <em>想</em> || <em>不</em> || <em>想</em> || 我 || ？
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| − | |}
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 有 in positive-negative questions ==
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| − | Because the verb 有 is negated with 没 and not 不, the structure for positive-negative questions with 有 is:
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 有没有 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | The possible answers are: "有" or "没有."
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| − | The questions could be be asking about current possession ("do you have it or not?"), or to ask about verbs in the past ("did you do it or not?").
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| − | For example:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 你 <em>有 没有</em> 借 我的 钱？<span class="trans">Did you borrow my money?</span>
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| − | * 你 <em>有 没有</em> 看过 那 部 电影？<span class="trans">Have you seen that movie?</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Two-character verbs in positive-negative questions ==
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| − | All of the verbs used so far have been single-character verbs. Using two-characters verbs in positive-negative questions is slightly trickier. You usually put 不 after the first character, then put the entire verb. For example 喜不喜欢 is the usual question form of 喜欢. You can repeat the whole two-character verb twice, but it's more common (and more elegant) to insert 不 after the first character. (The same is true of two-character adjectives.) For example:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 喜欢 <em>不</em> 喜欢 <span class="expl"> (the whole word is repeated)</span>
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| − | * 喜 <em>不</em> 喜欢 <span class="expl"> (only the first character is repeated)</span>
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| − | * 高兴 <em>不</em> 高兴 <span class="expl"> (the whole word is repeated)</span>
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| − | * 高 <em>不</em> 高兴 <span class="expl"> (only the first character is repeated)</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Tag questions with bu]]
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| − | *[[Yes - no questions with ma]]
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| − | *[[Offering choices with haishi]]
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 141-4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 86) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (pp. 87) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)]] (pp. 102, 250-1) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7561926235 →buy]
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| − | [[Category:A1 grammar points]]
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| − | {{Used for|Asking questions}}
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|不|A1|V + 不 + V|你 <em>要 不 要</em> 咖啡 ?|grammar point|ASGZH7K3}}
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| − | {{Rel char|没}}
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| − | {{Rel char|没有}}
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| − | {{Similar|Tag questions with bu}}
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| − | {{Similar|Yes - no questions with ma}}
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| − | {{Similar|Offering choices with haishi}}
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| − | {{Similar|Comparing "bu" and "mei"}}
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| − | {{Structure|Question Forms}}
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