Difference between revisions of "Comparing "tongguo" and “jingguo""

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One of the trickier points of Chinese grammar is how to use 通过 and 经过 correctly. Though they have very similar meanings, they have somewhat different uses
  
 
== 通过 as a Verb ==
 
== 通过 as a Verb ==
  
=== Structure ===
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=== Structure 1 ===
  
作为动词,"通过"的第一种用法是指从某一物体中穿过从一边到另一边。和"穿过"意思相同。
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The first way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means going through a certain object, as in penetrating into and coming out of something. In this case, it is similar to the word 穿过.
  
 
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=== Structure ===
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=== Structure 2 ===
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The second way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means that something goes through effort in order to reach acknowledgement or agreement. This is similar to how we say a bill "pass through" the legislature, or how you can "meet someone though a friend".
  
作为动词,"通过"的第二种用法是经过努力以后得到认可和同意。
 
  
 
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== 通过 as a Prep ==
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== 通过 as a Preposition ==
  
作为介词,"通过"表示用一种方式或手段达到一种目的,侧重于强调这种方式或手段,可以在主语前也可以在主语后。
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As a preposition, 通过 expresses using a certain method to achieve a desired outcome. It emphasizes the manner or method of doing something, and it can be placed before and after the subject.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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Subject + 通过 + method + Predicate
 
Subject + 通过 + method + Predicate
 
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=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
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== 经过 as Verb ==
 
== 经过 as Verb ==
  
=== Structure ===
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=== Structure 1 ===
  
作为动词,“经过”的第一种用法是表示“路过”某个地方。
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The first way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to pass by" or "to pass through". It is like saying "I went through downtown" or "I passed by the cemetery".
  
 
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=== Structure ===
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=== Structure 2 ===
  
作为动词,“经过”的第二种用法是表示经历了一件事情或者一段时间,侧重于强调这种经历的过程。如果是经过一件事情,则大多是表示消极意义的词语,比如”教训、考验、锻炼、战争、比赛“等,如果是经过一段时间,则一般是指过去的时间。
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The second way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to experience something" or "going through a time". It emphasizes the process of that experience. When expressing "to experience something", it often has a negative connotation, like 教训, 考验, 锻炼, 战争, 比赛. If it is talking about "going through a time", it is usually talking about the past.
  
 
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== 经过 as Noun ==
 
== 经过 as Noun ==
作为名词,"经过"是表示一件事情的过程。
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As a noun, 经过 refers to the process of something.
  
 
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== Right or Wrong ==
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== Example of right and wrong usage ==
  
 
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== Dialog ==
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== Example Dialog ==
  
 
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Revision as of 05:19, 5 February 2013

One of the trickier points of Chinese grammar is how to use 通过 and 经过 correctly. Though they have very similar meanings, they have somewhat different uses

通过 as a Verb

Structure 1

The first way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means going through a certain object, as in penetrating into and coming out of something. In this case, it is similar to the word 穿过.

Subject + 通过 + Object

Examples

  • 从 我 家 走 到 这里 需要 通过 两 座 桥。
  • 你 往 前 走,通过 一 扇 红 色 的 门,然后 左 拐 就 看到 了。

Structure 2

The second way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means that something goes through effort in order to reach acknowledgement or agreement. This is similar to how we say a bill "pass through" the legislature, or how you can "meet someone though a friend".


Subject + 通过 + Object

Examples

  • 纽约 大学 通过 了 我 的 申请。
  • 通过 了 这 次 考试。
  • 这 个 项目 通过了 董事会。

通过 as a Preposition

As a preposition, 通过 expresses using a certain method to achieve a desired outcome. It emphasizes the manner or method of doing something, and it can be placed before and after the subject.

Structure

通过 + method,Subject + Predicate

Subject + 通过 + method + Predicate

Examples

  • 通过 研究,我们 发现 大豆 对 身体 很 有 好处。
  • 公司 通过 裁员 的 方法 解决 金融 危机 带来 的 问题。
  • 我们 通过 他 的 朋友 才 找 到 了 他。

经过 as Verb

Structure 1

The first way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to pass by" or "to pass through". It is like saying "I went through downtown" or "I passed by the cemetery".

Subject + 经过 + place

Examples

  • 每天 我 都 经过 这 个 小 商店。
  • 去 机场 的 时候 我们 会 经过 人民广场 吗?

Structure 2

The second way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to experience something" or "going through a time". It emphasizes the process of that experience. When expressing "to experience something", it often has a negative connotation, like 教训, 考验, 锻炼, 战争, 比赛. If it is talking about "going through a time", it is usually talking about the past.

经过 + event/time,Subject + Predicate

Examples

  • 经过 一 个 月 的 培训,我们 的 新 员工 已经 准备 好 了。
  • 经过 详细 的 解释 我 才 明白 了 这 个 问题。

经过 as Noun

As a noun, 经过 refers to the process of something.

Structure

Adjective + 经过

Examples

  • 请 你 跟 我们 说 一下 当时 的 经过
  • 事情 的 真实 经过 谁 都 不 知道。

Example of right and wrong usage

  • 经过 他 的 女 朋友,我们 找到 了 他。
  • 通过 他 的 女 朋友,我们 找到 了 他。
  • 经过 上海,中国 看到 了 世界。
  • 通过 上海,中国 看到 了 世界。

Example Dialog

  • A: 我 第 一 次 坐 飞机 没 通过 安检。
  • B: 为什么?说说 经过
  • A: 我 带 了 一 大 瓶 牛奶。
  • B: 牛奶 不 能 带。后来 呢?
  • A: 后来 通过 我 的 努力 把 牛奶 喝完 了。
  • B:那 为什么 还 没 通过 安检?
  • A: 我 经过 一 个 安检 人员 的 时候 说 了 句 脏话。
  • B:你 这 是 找 麻烦。

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK4