De (structural particle)
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The structural particle "de" has three written forms in modern Chinese, each with its own uses:
- The structural particle 的 (most often used for modifying nouns)
- The structural particle 得 (most often used with complements)
- The structural particle 地 (most often used for adverbial phrases)
There is also a modal particle 的.
References
Sources and further reading
- Grammar book: 外国人实用汉语语法(中英文对照) (pp. 133-135)
- Blog post: The Three Musketeers (的, 得, and 地) on ChinesePod.com
- Blog post (Chinese): “的”与“地”“得”
- Online document (Chinese): “的”“地”“得”的用法区别 explains and shares a song about the three de's
