Expressing "difficult" with "nan"

Whenever something is "hard to do" (as in difficult) or "bad to do" (as in bad experience), the word 难 (nán) can be used.

难 with General Verbs

Structure

Just as 好 (hǎo) can be used to indicate that it's easy to do something, 难 (nán) can be attached to verbs, except sensitive words, to indicate that something is hard to do. The structure is:

Subject + (很) 难 + Verb

Examples

• 难 懂 Nán dǒng Hard to understand.
• 这 句 话 很 难 懂 。 Zhè jù huà hěn nán dǒng. This talk is hard to understand.
• 难 学Nán xué Hard to learn.
• 汉语 很 难 学 。 Hànyǔ hěn nán xué. Mandarin is hard to learn.
• 难 做Nán zuò Hard to do.
• 三明治 很 难 做 。 Sān míng zhì hěn nán zuò. Sandwiches are hard to make.
• 难 买Nán mǎi Hard to buy (as in probably hard to find).
• 这 个 东西 现在 很 难 买 。 Zhè gè dōngxī xiànzài hěn nán mǎi. This thing is really difficult to purchase now.
• 难 写Nán xiě Difficult to write.
• 这 个 汉字 很 难 写 。 Zhè gè hànzì hěn nán xiě. This character is very difficult to write.

难 with Sense Verbs

Structure

难 (nán) can also be attached to "sense verbs" (e.g. look, taste, smell, etc.) to indicate that something is bad to do. The structure is:

Subject + (很) 难 + [Sense Verb]

Examples

• 难听Nántīng Sounds bad(hard to listen to).
• 这 首 歌 很 难听 。 Zhè shǒu gē hěn nántīng. This song is terrible (This song is hard to listen to).
• 难闻Nánwén Smells bad. (it stinks)
• 这 只 小 猫 很 难闻 。 Zhè zhǐ xiǎo māo hěn nánwén. This little cat smells bad.
• 难看Nánkàn Hard to look at (looks bad/ugly).
• 这 件 衣服 很 难看吗 ？ Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn nánkànma? Is this piece of clothing ugly?
• 难吃Nánchī Disgusting (hard to eat).
• 你 做的菜 很 难吃 。 Nǐ zuòdecài hěn nánchī. The dishes you cook taste bad.

See also

• Easy to do something
• Expressing Difficulty with "hao (bu) rongyi"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (p. 232) →buy