Difference between revisions of "Expressing "double negation""

 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
This pattern just uses 不是:
+
This pattern just uses 不是 right before a negated predicate:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 13: Line 13:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
This pattern uses modal verbs like 会, 能, or 可能:
+
This pattern uses modal verbs like 会, 能, or 可能, which are negated before a negated predicate:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 19: Line 19:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
+
The [[predicate]] part of either pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
Line 33: Line 33:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Negation before a Singular Noun ==
+
== Negation Before a Singular Noun ==
  
This structure is used for saying things like "not a single one." often with topic comments. 没有一个人 ("not a single person") is equivalent to 没有谁 ("not anyone").  
+
This structure is used for saying things like "not a single one," often with [[Topic-comment sentences|topic comments]]. 没有一个人 ("not a single person") is equivalent to 没有谁 ("not anyone").  
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
Line 51: Line 51:
 
*我们 公司 的 员工 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 会 说 英语 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.</span>
 
*我们 公司 的 员工 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 会 说 英语 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.</span>
 
*他 的 女朋友 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 漂亮 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de nǚpéngyou <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> piàoliang <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.</span>
 
*他 的 女朋友 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 漂亮 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de nǚpéngyou <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> piàoliang <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.</span>
*我们 学校 的 学生 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>没</em> 参加 高考 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>méi</em> cānjiā gāokǎo <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">There wasn't a single student who didn't take the college entrance exam in our school.</span>
+
*我们 学校 的 学生 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>没</em> 参加 高考 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>méi</em> cānjiā gāokǎo <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">In our school there wasn't a single student who didn't take the national college entrance exam.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
== See also ==
 
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
 
=== Books ===
 
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK0}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|不|B1|Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate|我 <em>不</em> 是 <em>不</em> 知道 怎么 做 。|grammar point|ASGEEA2D}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|不|B1|Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate|我 <em>不</em> 是 <em>不</em> 知道 怎么 做 。|grammar point|ASGEEA2D}}
 
{{Rel char|没}}
 
{{Rel char|没}}

Latest revision as of 08:46, 24 April 2019

Chinese-grammar-wiki-bu.jpg

There are two main methods for double negation. The simpler method is to use a double negative with modal verbs like 会 or 能. The more complicated method is to negate both the subject and the predicate.

Negation Before a Negative Word

Structure

This pattern just uses 不是 right before a negated predicate:

Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

This pattern uses modal verbs like 会, 能, or 可能, which are negated before a negated predicate:

Subj. + 不 + 会 / 能 / 可能 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

The predicate part of either pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • 来 的 。 huì lái de.There is no way he's not coming.
  • 可能 知道 。 kěnéng zhīdào.There is no way she doesn't know about this.
  • 她 太 害羞 了 ,不是 礼貌 。Tā tài hàixiū le, bù shì lǐmào.She's too shy; It's not that she's not polite.
  • 不是 没有 钱 ,是 不 想 乱 花 钱 。bù shì méiyǒu qián, shì bù xiǎng luàn huā qián.It's not that he doesn't have money; it's just he doesn't want to spend it recklessly.
  • 我 知道 你 想 减肥 ,但是 吃 早饭 。Wǒ zhīdào nǐ xiǎng jiǎnféi, dànshì néng chī zǎofàn.I know you want to lose weight, but you can't not eat breakfast.

Negation Before a Singular Noun

This structure is used for saying things like "not a single one," often with topic comments. 没有一个人 ("not a single person") is equivalent to 没有谁 ("not anyone").

Structure

(Topic +) 没有 + [Singular Noun] + 不 / 没 + Predicate + 的

Examples

  • 没有 一 个 人 讨厌 他 Méiyǒu yī gè rén tǎoyàn tā de.There is not one person who doesn't dislike him.
  • 这些 菜 没有 一 个 Zhèxiē cài méiyǒu yī gè de.There is no single one that is not spicy among these dishes.
  • 我们 公司 的 员工 没有 一 个 会 说 英语 Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng méiyǒu yī gè huì shuō Yīngyǔ de.Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.
  • 他 的 女朋友 没有 一 个 漂亮 Tā de nǚpéngyou méiyǒu yī gè piàoliang de.None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.
  • 我们 学校 的 学生 没有 一 个 参加 高考 Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng méiyǒu yī gè méi cānjiā gāokǎo de.In our school there wasn't a single student who didn't take the national college entrance exam.