Difference between revisions of "Potential complements"
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== More Advanced Potential Complement == | == More Advanced Potential Complement == | ||
| − | + | === Most Frequently Used Patterns === | |
| − | = | + | <div class="jiegou"> |
| − | + | Verb + 得 / 不 + 了 | |
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| − | + | </div> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control. | |
| − | + | ||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Verb + 得 / 不 + 起 | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Verb + 得 / 不 + 下 | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 06:11, 5 April 2017
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Verbs can take potential complements that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
Contents
Basic Potential Complement
从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。
常见的例子
- Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
- Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
- Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
- Verb + 形容词 e.g. 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
- Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到
- Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去
Structure
Potential complements can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something can happen or that it can't.
Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]
Here the complement is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).
Examples
- 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 不 见 。 can't do it all
- 他 一个人 吃 得 完 这么 多 饭 吗？
- 我 找 不 到 我 的 手机 了。 can find it
- 我 没 戴 眼镜，看 不 清楚 。 can't do it all
- 这 件 衣服 太 脏 了，我 洗 不 干净 。 can't do it all
- 在 上海 买 不 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。
- 我 觉得 在 学校 里 学 不 到 很多 有用 的 东西。I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 门 太 小 了，我 的 车 进 不 去。
- 前面 的 车 都 停 了，我们 开 不 过去 。I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
- 这么 高 的 山，你 爬 得 上去 吗？I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
More Advanced Potential Complement
Most Frequently Used Patterns
Verb + 得 / 不 + 了
This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.
Examples
Verb + 得 / 不 + 起
This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something.
Verb + 得 / 不 + 下
This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere.
See also
Sources and and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 71) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 191) →buy
- Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) (pp. 197) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (pp. 291) →buy
- Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) (pp. 125) →buy
- Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2) (pp. 63) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 99) →buy
Websites
Yale
