Difference between revisions of "Potential complements"
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=== Most Frequently Used Patterns ===
 
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This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.  
 
This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.  
  
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This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。
 
This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。
  
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This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。
 
This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。
  
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* 我 的 车 太 小，坐 <em>不 下</em> 五 个 人。<span class="pinyin"> xiǎo, zuò <em>bu</em> xià gè rén.</span><span class="trans">This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.</span>
 
* 我 的 车 太 小，坐 <em>不 下</em> 五 个 人。<span class="pinyin"> xiǎo, zuò <em>bu</em> xià gè rén.</span><span class="trans">This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.</span>

Revision as of 06:27, 5 April 2017

Verbs can take potential complements that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.

Basic Potential Complement

从结构上来看，可能补语和"结果补语"和"趋向补语"的关系很密切。可能补语有三种，其中最重要也是最常见的的一种就是由"结果补语"和"趋向补语"构成的。

常见的例子

  • Verb + 见 e.g. 看见 听见
  • Verb + 懂 e.g. 看懂 听懂
  • Verb + 完 e.g. 吃完 做完 用完 花完
  • Verb + Adj. e.g. 看清楚 听明白 洗干净
  • Verb + 到 e.g. 找到 买到 吃到
  • Verb + 趋向动词 e.g. 上来 下去 进去 起来 走过去 爬上去

Structure

Potential complements can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something can happen or that it can't.

Verb + 得 / 不 + [Complement]

Here the complement is the second part of the potential complement after 得 (positive).

Examples

  • 你 的 声音 太 小 了 ，我们 听 不 见 。 zuò bu wán can't do it all
  • 他 一个人 吃 得 完 这么 多 饭 吗？ zuò de wán
  • 我 找 不 到 我 的 手机 了。 de can find it
  • 我 没 戴 眼镜，看 不 清楚 。 zuò bu wán can't do it all
  • 这 件 衣服 太 脏 了，我 洗 不 干净 。 zuò bu wán can't do it all
  • 在 上海 买 不 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表。 zuò bu wán
  • 我 觉得 在 学校 里 学 不 到 很多 有用 的 东西。 bu qǐ nà tào fángzi. I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
  • 门 太 小 了，我 的 车 进 不 去。 zuò bu wán
  • 前面 的 车 都 停 了，我们 开 不 过去 。 bu qǐ nà tào fángzi. I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.
  • 这么 高 的 山，你 爬 得 上去 吗？ bu qǐ nà tào fángzi. I can't afford (to buy) that apartment.

More Advanced Potential Complement

Most Frequently Used Patterns

Structure

Verb + 得 / 不 + 了

This is used to talk about whether or not you are able to do something." It is subtly different from using 不能 because 不了 usually suggests some external factor out of one's control.

Examples

去不了 穿不了 帮不了

Structure

Verb + 得 / 不 + 起

This is used to talk about whether or not someone can afford to do something. 经常搭配的动词是"买、租、吃、穿"等。

Examples

买不起 租不起 吃不起 穿不起

Structure

Verb + 得 / 不 + 下

This is used to talk about whether or not something will fit or go somewhere. 经常搭配的动词是"放、坐、拿、吃、住"等。

Examples

  • 我 的 车 太 小，坐 不 下 五 个 人。 xiǎo, zuò bu xià gè rén.This room is too small. 30 people can't fit in here.
  • 我 吃 饱 了，真的 吃 不 下 了。 zuò bu xià can't do it all
  • 她 拿 得 下 那么 多 东西 吗？ zuò bu xià can't do it all
  • 你 家 住 得 下 这么 多 人 吗？ zuò bu xià can't do it all

See also

Sources and and further reading

Books

Websites

Yale

HSK4


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