Difference between revisions of "Potential complements"

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#REDIRECT[[Potential complement]]
 
 
Verbs can take [[potential complement]]s that indicate whether or not the action is actually possible. They are useful in Chinese to say if an action can take place.
 
 
 
Structurally, potential complements are closely related to both [[result complement]]s and [[direction complement]]s, so it helps to be familiar with those first. The most important and commonly used potential complements are derived from other complements such as the following:
 
 
 
* Verb + [[见]] e.g. 看见, 听见 (result complements)
 
* Verb + [[懂]] e.g. 看懂, 听懂 (result complements)
 
* Verb + [[完]] e.g. 吃完, 做完, 用完, 花完 (result complements)
 
* Verb + [[Adjective|Adj.]] e.g. 看清楚, 听明白, 洗干净 (result complements)
 
* Verb + [[到]] e.g. 找到, 买到, 收到 (result complements)
 
* Verb + direction e.g. 上来, 下去, 进去, 起来, 走过去, 爬上去 (direction complements)
 
 
 
== Positive Pattern ==
 
 
 
[[Potential complement]]s can be positive or negative. What this means is fairly intuitive - potential complements can be used to express that something ''can'' happen or that it ''can't''.
 
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
 
Verb + 得 + [Complement]
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
*他 一个人 吃 <em>得</em> 完 这么 多 饭 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Tā yī gè rén chī <em>de</em> wán zhème duō fàn ma? </span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*我 找 <em>不</em> 到 我 的 手机 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhǎo <em>bu</em> dào wǒ de shǒujī le.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*在 上海 买 <em>得</em> 到 这 个 牌子 的 手表 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Zài Shànghǎi mǎi <em>de</em> dào zhè gè páizi de shǒubiǎo ma? </span><span class="trans"> ?</span>
 
*早上 五点 出发,孩子们 起 <em>得</em> 来 吗 ?<span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*这么 高 的 山 ,你 爬 <em>得</em> 上去 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Zhème gāo de shān, nǐ pá <em>de</em> shàngqù ma? </span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
== Negative Pattern ==
 
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
Verb + 不 + [Complement]
 
</div>
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
*大家 都 看 <em>不</em> 懂 这 句 话 。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu kàn <em>bu</em> dǒng zhè jù huà.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*你 的 声音 太 小 了 ,我们 听 <em>不</em> 见 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shēngyīn tài xiǎo le, wǒmen tīng <em>bu</em> jiàn.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*我 没 戴 眼镜 ,看 <em>不</em> 清楚 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ méi dài yǎnjìng, kàn <em>bu</em> qīngchu.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*这 件 衣服 太 脏 了 ,我 洗 <em>不</em> 干净 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn yīfu tài zāng le, wǒ xǐ <em>bu</em> gānjìng.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
*门 太 小 了 ,我 的 车 进 <em>不</em> 去 。<span class="pinyin">Mén tài xiǎo le, wǒ de chē jìn <em>bu</em> qù.</span><span class="trans"> .</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
== See also ==
 
 
 
== Sources and and further reading ==
 
 
 
=== Books ===
 
 
 
* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 71) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
 
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
 
* [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 197) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
 
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2]] (pp. 291) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
 
* [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 125) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
 
* [[Contemporary Chinese 2 (当代中文2)]] (pp. 63) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7800529029/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7800529029 →buy]
 
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
 
 
 
=== Websites ===
 
 
 
==== Yale ====
 
 
 
* [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/potential/grammar/potential.htm The Potential Complement]
 
* [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/degree/grammar/Degree-6.htm Potential Complement And Degree Complement In Contrast]
 
 
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:Potential complement]]
 
 
 
{{Basic Grammar|得|B1|Verb + 得 / 不⋯⋯|做 <em>得</em> 完/做 <em>不</em> 完。吃 <em>得</em> 了/吃 <em>不</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGCPJPQ}}
 
{{Rel char|不}}
 
{{Structure|Complements}}
 
{{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
 
{{Similar|Potential complement "bu dong"}}
 
{{Similar|The "-bu dong" (don't understand) Potential Complement}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Subprop|Potential complement}}
 

Latest revision as of 00:57, 11 August 2017