HSK 1 grammar points with CEFR
"HSK 1" is the first level of the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). This pages shows the exact CEFR Level equivalent of each HSK 1 grammar point (instead of "Examples") for easy comparison between the two systems.
There are 54 total HSK 1 grammar points in the list below. You may also want to refer to our HSK 1 Standard Course textbook index page.
Parts of Speech
These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.
Adverbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing actions in progress with "zai" | (正) 在 + Verb | A2 |
| Negation of "you" with "mei" | 没 + 有 | A1 |
| Standard negation with "bu" | 不 + Verb / Adj. | A1 |
| The "all" adverb "dou" | 都 + Verb / Adj. | A1 |
| The "also" adverb "ye" | 也 + Verb / Adj. | A1 |
Adverbs with Adjectives
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Asking about degree with "duo" | Subj. + 多 + Adj. ? | A2 |
| Expressing "not very" with "bu tai" | 不太 + Adj. | A2 |
Conjunctions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "and" with "he" | Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 | A1 |
Nouns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| After a specific time with "yihou" | Time / Verb + 以后 | A2 |
| Before a specific time with "yiqian" | Time / Verb + 以前 | A2 |
| Time words and word order | Subj. + Time⋯⋯ / Time + Subj.⋯⋯ | A2 |
Numbers
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Age with "sui" | Subj. + Number + 岁 | A1 |
| Measure word "ge" | Number + 个 + Noun | A1 |
| Structure of dates | Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日 | A1 |
| Structure of days of the week | 星期 + Number | A1 |
| Structure of numbers | Number + Unit | A1 |
| Structure of times (advanced) | Number 1 + 点(钟) + Number 2 + 分 | A2 |
| Structure of times (basic) | Number + 点(钟) | A1 |
Particles
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing close possession without "de" | Pronoun + Noun | A1 |
| Expressing completion with "le" | Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj. | A2 |
| Expressing "not anymore" with "le" | 不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了 | A2 |
| Expressing "now" with "le" | New Situation + 了 | A2 |
| Expressing possession with "de" | Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2 | A1 |
| Questions with "ne" | ⋯⋯呢 ? | A1 |
| Sentence-final interjection "a" | ⋯⋯啊 | A2 |
| Softening speech with "ba" | ⋯⋯吧 | A2 |
| Suggestions with "ba" | Command + 吧 | A1 |
Verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Directional verbs "lai" and "qu" | 来 / 去 + Place | A2 |
| Expressing existence in a place with "zai" | 在 + Place | A1 |
| Expressing existence with "you" | Place + 有 + Obj. | A1 |
| Expressing possession with "you" | Subj. + 有 + Obj. | A1 |
| Polite requests with "qing" | 请 + Verb | A2 |
| Using the verb "jiao" | 叫 + Name | A1 |
| Using the verb "qu" | 去 + Place | A1 |
Auxiliary verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" | 能 + Verb | A1 |
| Expressing a learned skill with "hui" | 会 + Verb | A1 |
| Expressing "will" with "hui" | 会 + Verb | A2 |
| Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" | 想 + Verb | A2 |
Verb phrases
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| How to do something with "zenme" | 怎么 + Verb ? | A1 |
| Indicating location with "zai" before verbs | Subj. + 在 + Place + Verb | A2 |
| Negation of past actions with "meiyou" | 没有 + Verb | A1 |
Grammatical Structures
These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
Basics
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Basic sentence order | Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.) | A1 |
| Connecting nouns with "shi" | A + 是 + B | A1 |
| Expressing "excessively" with "tai" | 太 + Adj. + 了 | A1 |
| Simple "noun + adjective" sentences | Noun + 很 + Adj. | A1 |
Noun Phrases
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "some" with "yixie" | 一些 + Noun | A2 |
Numbers and Measure Words
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Counting money | Number + 块 / 元 (+ Number + 毛 / 角) (+ 钱) | A2 |
| Measure words in quantity questions | 几 + Measure Word (+ Noun) ? | A2 |
Question Forms
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Asking how something is with "zenmeyang" | ⋯⋯怎么样？ | A2 |
| Placement of question words | 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 | A1 |
| Questions with "le ma" | Verb + 了 + 吗？ | A2 |
| Yes-no questions with "ma" | ⋯⋯吗？ | A1 |
Sentence Patterns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details | 是⋯⋯ 的 | B1 |
Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points
What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.
Adverbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | CEFR Level |
|---|---|---|
| Comparing "bu" and "mei" | 不 vs 没 | A2 |
