Difference between revisions of "Comparing “zai" and "you""

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{{Grammar Box}}
  
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Both 再 (zài) and 又 (yòu) express the duplication of an action and can be roughly translated in English to "again".  However, 再 is used to express actions that have not yet occurred and 又 is used for actions that have already occurred. Understanding how and when to use these two words is very important. 
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== 再 is used to express repetition of an action in the future ==
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[[Again in the future with "zai"|再 is used to express something that has already happened and will happen again.]]
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=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
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Subject + 再 + Verb + Object
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</div>
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=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
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<ul>
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<li class="o">我们 下次 <em>再</em> 来 这里 吧。
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<li class="o">你 <em>再</em> 帮 我 打印 两 张，这 些 不 够。
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<li class="o">明天 我 可能 会 <em>再</em> 迟到。</li>
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<li class="x">明天 我 可能 <strong>又</strong> 迟到。</li>
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<li class="o">请 <em>再</em> 说 一次。</li>
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<li class="x">请 <strong>又</strong> 说 一次。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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== 再 can be used to say "another" ==
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[[Again in the future with "zai"|Along with expressing the repetition of an action, 再 can be used to express the equivalent of the English word "another"]]
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===Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
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Subject + 再 + Verb + Object
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</div>
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=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
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<ul>
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<li class="o">我 要 <em>再</em> 看 一部 电影。</li>
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<li class="x"> 我 得 <strong>又</strong> 写 一篇 作文。</li>
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<li class="o"> 你 可以 <em>再</em> 做 一碗 面条 吗。</li>
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<li class="x"> 我 要 <strong>又</strong> 吃 一块 蛋糕。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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== 再 can be used to say "and then" ==
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[[Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"|再 can be used with 先 to express sequential order]] (ex. Do this....and then this...). In some cases, 再 can appear by itself to simply mean "and then".
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=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
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Subject + (先) + Action 1 + 再 + Action 2
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</div>
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=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
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<ul>
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<li class="o">我们 <strong>先</strong> 做 作业 <em>再</em> 去 酒吧。</li>
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<li class="x">你 <strong>先</strong> 吃饭 <em>又</em> 打 电话 給 父母。</li>
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<li class="o">我 <strong>先</strong> 买 房子 <em>再</em> 结婚。</li>
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<li class="o">我们 买完 饮料 以后 <em>再</em> 看 电影。</li>
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<li class="x">我 要 看书 <em>又</em> 睡觉。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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== 又 is used to express repetition of an action that has already occurred in the past ==
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[[Again in the past with "you"|又 is used in declarative sentences and describes the simple repetition of actions.]] This repeated action has already occurred once in the past
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=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
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Subject + 又 + Verb + 了
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</div>
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=== Example ===
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<div class="liju">
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<ul>
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<li class="o">你 怎么 <em>又</em> 给 我 打 电话，什么事？</li>
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<li class="o">这 个 老 男人 <em>又</em> 来 了。</li>
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<li class="o">他 <em>又</em> 不 来 上 课 了，老师 可能 罚 他。</li>
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<li class="o">你 为什么 <em>又</em> 看 这本书? 你 已经 看过 了。</li>
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<li class="x">昨天 他 <strong>再</strong> 喝醉 了</li>
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<li class="x">昨天 我 <strong>再</strong> 看 电影 了</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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== 又 is used to emphasize negation ==
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[[Emphasizing negation with "you"|又 can be placed before a negating verb or adjective to emphasize said negation.]]
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=== Structure === 
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<div class="jiegou">
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Subject + 又 + 不/没 + Verb + Object
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</div>
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=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
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<ul>
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<li class="o">我 <em>又</em> <strong>不</strong> 吃 肉，只 吃素。</li>
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<li class="o">他 <em>又</em> <strong>不</strong> 要 去 酒吧。</li>
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<li class="o">昨天 我 <em>又</em> <strong>没</strong> 看 电影，我 做 作业。</li>
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<li class="x">我 <em>再</em> <strong>不</strong> 要 吃 日本 菜，我 要 吃 中国 菜。</li>
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<li class="x">你 <em>再</em> <strong>不</strong> 要 跟 他 一起 去 吃 饭。你 要 跟 我 去。</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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== See also ==
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* [[Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"]]
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* [[Again in the future with "zai"]]
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* [[Again in the past with "you"]]
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== Sources and  further reading ==
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=== Books ===
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 157) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 202) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 157) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 288) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
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* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 202) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 258-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 19-20) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
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[[Category:grammar comparison]]
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{{Basic Grammar|再|B1|再 vs 又|我不能<em>再</em>喝了，你走后我<em>又</em>喝了两瓶 。|grammar point|ASGTBHBG}}
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{{Rel char|又}}
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{{Similar|Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"}}
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{{Similar|Again in the future with "zai"}}
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{{Similar|Again in the past with "you"}}
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{{Used for|Describing actions}}
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{{Comparison}}

Revision as of 08:25, 27 February 2013

Both 再 (zài) and 又 (yòu) express the duplication of an action and can be roughly translated in English to "again". However, 再 is used to express actions that have not yet occurred and 又 is used for actions that have already occurred. Understanding how and when to use these two words is very important.

再 is used to express repetition of an action in the future

再 is used to express something that has already happened and will happen again.

Structure

Subject + 再 + Verb + Object

Examples

  • 我们 下次 再 来 这里 吧。
  • 你 再 帮 我 打印 两 张，这 些 不 够。
  • 明天 我 可能 会 再 迟到。
  • 明天 我 可能 又 迟到。
  • 请 再 说 一次。
  • 请 又 说 一次。

再 can be used to say "another"

Along with expressing the repetition of an action, 再 can be used to express the equivalent of the English word "another"

Structure

Subject + 再 + Verb + Object

Examples

  • 我 要 再 看 一部 电影。
  • 我 得 又 写 一篇 作文。
  • 你 可以 再 做 一碗 面条 吗。
  • 我 要 又 吃 一块 蛋糕。

再 can be used to say "and then"

再 can be used with 先 to express sequential order (ex. Do this....and then this...). In some cases, 再 can appear by itself to simply mean "and then".

Structure

Subject + (先) + Action 1 + 再 + Action 2

Examples

  • 我们 先 做 作业 再 去 酒吧。
  • 你 先 吃饭 又 打 电话 給 父母。
  • 我 先 买 房子 再 结婚。
  • 我们 买完 饮料 以后 再 看 电影。
  • 我 要 看书 又 睡觉。

又 is used to express repetition of an action that has already occurred in the past

又 is used in declarative sentences and describes the simple repetition of actions. This repeated action has already occurred once in the past

Structure

Subject + 又 + Verb + 了

Example

  • 你 怎么 又 给 我 打 电话，什么事？
  • 这 个 老 男人 又 来 了。
  • 他 又 不 来 上 课 了，老师 可能 罚 他。
  • 你 为什么 又 看 这本书? 你 已经 看过 了。
  • 昨天 他 再 喝醉 了
  • 昨天 我 再 看 电影 了

又 is used to emphasize negation

又 can be placed before a negating verb or adjective to emphasize said negation.

Structure

Subject + 又 + 不/没 + Verb + Object

Examples

  • 我 又 不 吃 肉，只 吃素。
  • 他 又 不 要 去 酒吧。
  • 昨天 我 又 没 看 电影，我 做 作业。
  • 我 再 不 要 吃 日本 菜，我 要 吃 中国 菜。
  • 你 再 不 要 跟 他 一起 去 吃 饭。你 要 跟 我 去。

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK4
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