Difference between revisions of "Comparing "li" and "cong""
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | Both [[离|离 (lí)]] and [[从|从 (cóng)]] can be translated into English as | + | Both [[离|离 (lí)]] and [[从|从 (cóng)]] can be translated into English as "[[from]]." In Chinese, however, their meanings are different. 从 is used in cases where the subject's position relative to a fixed location changes. 离 expresses a "static" distance, or a distance that is unchanging. Both can be used in defining distance or time, however 从 has more meanings than 离. |
| − | == 从 as "from" ( | + | == 从 as "from" (Time or Event) == |
| − | === Structure=== | + | |
| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 从 + Time / Event + 开始 / 起 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | 从 | + | *<em>从</em> 下 个 月 <strong>起</strong> ，公司 会 越来越 忙 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Cóng</em> xiàge yuè <strong>qǐ</strong>, gōngsī huì yuèláiyuè máng.</span><span class="trans">Starting from next month, the company will be busier and busier.</span> |
| + | *<em>从</em> 我 上 小学 <strong>开始</strong>，就 特别 喜欢 画画 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Cóng</em> wǒ shàng xiǎoxué <strong>kāishǐ</strong>, jiù tèbié xǐhuan huà huà.</span><span class="trans">I have really liked drawing since starting elementary school.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | === | + | === Colloquial Sayings === |
| + | |||
| + | 从那以后 means "ever since then," while 从今以后 means "from now on." | ||
| + | |||
| + | A few examples: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | *<em>从</em> | + | *<em>从 那</em> <strong>以后</strong> ，我们 就 没有 联系 了 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Cóng nà</em> <strong>yǐhòu</strong>, wǒmen jiù méiyǒu liánxì le.</span><span class="trans">Ever since then, we haven't been in touch.</span> |
| − | *<em>从</em> | + | *<em>从 今 </em><strong>以后</strong> ，我 不用 再 加班 了 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Cóng jīn</em> <strong>yǐhòu</strong>, wǒ bùyòng zài jiābān le.</span><span class="trans">I don't need to work late from now on.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == 从 as " | + | == 从 as "From" (a Place, Somebody, or Something) == |
| + | |||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | 从 + Place + 上 / 里 | |
| − | 从 + Place + | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 35: | Line 45: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *你 是 不 是 <em>从</em> <strong>我 包 里</strong> 拿 了 一百块钱 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shì bu shì <em>cóng</em> <strong>wǒ bāo lǐ</strong> ná le yī bǎi kuài qián?</span><span class="trans">Did you take one hundred RMB from my purse?</span> |
| + | *我 <em>从</em> <strong>他 身上</strong> 学到 了 很多 东西 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>cóng</em> <strong>tā shēnshang</strong> xuédào le hěn duō dōngxi.</span><span class="trans">I learned a lot from him.</span> | ||
| + | *<em>从</em> <strong>这 件 事</strong> 可以 看出 你 的 工作 态度 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Cóng</em> <strong>zhè jiàn shì</strong> kěyǐ kànchū nǐ de gōngzuò tàidu.</span><span class="trans">From this incident, we can see your attitude toward work.</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == 离 as "Distance from" == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Place 1 + 离 + Place 2 + 远 / 近 | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | === Examples === | |
| − | ===Examples=== | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | <ul> | |
| + | <li class="o">你 家 <em>离</em> 公司 <strong>多 远</strong> ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ jiā <em>lí</em> gōngsī <strong>duō yuǎn</strong>?</span><span class="trans">How far is your home from your company?</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="o">我 家 <em>离</em> 公司 <strong>很 远</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā <em>lí</em> gōngsī <strong>hěn yuǎn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My home is far from my office.</span></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | Try not to say: | |
| − | + | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | <ul> | |
| + | <li class="x">我 家 <strong>很 远</strong> <em>从</em> 公司 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā <strong>hěn yuǎn</strong> <em>cóng</em> gōngsī.</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="x">我 家 <em>从</em> 公司 <strong>很 远</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiā <em>cóng</em> gōngsī <strong>hěn yuǎn</strong>.</span></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == 离 as " | + | == 离 as "From" (a Time or Event) == |
| − | === Structure=== | + | |
| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Past Event 1 + 离 + Time + Duration | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| − | + | If you want to say "from now," try this pattern: | |
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 离 + Future Event + 还有 + Duration | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | ===Examples=== | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *上次 见面 <em>离</em> 今天 快 十 年 了 。<span class="pinyin">Shàng cì jiànmiàn <em>lí</em> jīntiān kuài shí nián le.</span><span class="trans">It's been about 10 years since we met last time.</span> |
| + | *<em>离</em> 我们 的 婚礼 <strong>还有</strong> 两个 星期 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Lí</em> wǒmen de hūnlǐ <strong>háiyǒu</strong> liǎng gè xīngqī.</span><span class="trans">We still have two weeks until our wedding.</span> | ||
| + | *<em>离</em> 毕业 <strong>还有</strong> 几 个 月 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Lí</em> bìyè <strong>háiyǒu</strong> jǐ gè yuè.</span><span class="trans">I am a few months away from graduation.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | == Colloquial Saying 离⋯⋯还远呢 == |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | 离⋯⋯还远呢 expresses that something is very far off in terms of time. | |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *我们 刚刚 开始 谈 恋爱 ，<em>离</em> 结婚 <strong>还远</strong> 呢 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gānggāng kāishǐ tán liàn’ài, <em>lí</em> jiéhūn <strong>háiyuǎn</strong> ne.</span><span class="trans">We've just started our relationship. It's too soon to talk about marriage.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| + | |||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|335}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|实用对外汉语教学语法|263}} | |
| − | 实用对外汉语教学语法 | ||
[[Category:grammar comparison]] | [[Category:grammar comparison]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|从|B1|离 vs 从|<em>从</em> 明天 开始，我 不 抽烟 了。|grammar point|ASG59C66}} | + | {{Basic Grammar|从|B1|离 vs. 从|<em>从</em> 明天 开始，我 不 抽烟 了。|grammar point|ASG59C66}} |
{{Comparison|Prepositions}} | {{Comparison|Prepositions}} | ||
{{Rel char|离}} | {{Rel char|离}} | ||
| − | {{Similar| | + | {{Similar|Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…"}} |
| + | {{Similar|Expressing distance with "li"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "ever since" with "yilai"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "ever since" with "zicong"}} | ||
{{Used for|Expressing distance}} | {{Used for|Expressing distance}} | ||
{{Used for|Expressing location}} | {{Used for|Expressing location}} | ||
{{Used for|Giving directions}} | {{Used for|Giving directions}} | ||
{{Used for|Describing places}} | {{Used for|Describing places}} | ||
| − | |||
{{Translation|from}} | {{Translation|from}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:36, 30 November 2018
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Used for
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Keywords
Both 离 (lí) and 从 (cóng) can be translated into English as "from." In Chinese, however, their meanings are different. 从 is used in cases where the subject's position relative to a fixed location changes. 离 expresses a "static" distance, or a distance that is unchanging. Both can be used in defining distance or time, however 从 has more meanings than 离.
Contents
从 as "from" (Time or Event)
Structure
从 + Time / Event + 开始 / 起
Examples
- 从 下 个 月 起 ，公司 会 越来越 忙 。Starting from next month, the company will be busier and busier.
- 从 我 上 小学 开始，就 特别 喜欢 画画 。I have really liked drawing since starting elementary school.
Colloquial Sayings
从那以后 means "ever since then," while 从今以后 means "from now on."
A few examples:
- 从 那 以后 ，我们 就 没有 联系 了 。Ever since then, we haven't been in touch.
- 从 今 以后 ，我 不用 再 加班 了 。I don't need to work late from now on.
从 as "From" (a Place, Somebody, or Something)
Structure
从 + Place + 上 / 里
Examples
- 你 是 不 是 从 我 包 里 拿 了 一百块钱 ？Did you take one hundred RMB from my purse?
- 我 从 他 身上 学到 了 很多 东西 。I learned a lot from him.
- 从 这 件 事 可以 看出 你 的 工作 态度 。From this incident, we can see your attitude toward work.
离 as "Distance from"
Structure
Place 1 + 离 + Place 2 + 远 / 近
Examples
- 你 家 离 公司 多 远 ？How far is your home from your company?
- 我 家 离 公司 很 远 。My home is far from my office.
Try not to say:
- 我 家 很 远 从 公司 。
- 我 家 从 公司 很 远 。
离 as "From" (a Time or Event)
Structure
Past Event 1 + 离 + Time + Duration
If you want to say "from now," try this pattern:
离 + Future Event + 还有 + Duration
Examples
- 上次 见面 离 今天 快 十 年 了 。It's been about 10 years since we met last time.
- 离 我们 的 婚礼 还有 两个 星期 。We still have two weeks until our wedding.
- 离 毕业 还有 几 个 月 。I am a few months away from graduation.
Colloquial Saying 离⋯⋯还远呢
离⋯⋯还远呢 expresses that something is very far off in terms of time.
- 我们 刚刚 开始 谈 恋爱 ，离 结婚 还远 呢 。We've just started our relationship. It's too soon to talk about marriage.
Sources and further reading
Books
- 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 335) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
- 实用对外汉语教学语法 (pp. 263) [ →buy]
