Difference between revisions of "Directional verbs "lai" and "qu""

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来 (lái) and 去 (qù) are both words that help to express direction from the perspective of the speaker. 来 (lái) means "come" (towards the speaker), while 去 (qù) means "go" (away from the speaker). For example, if you are in China, a local person might ask you: "When did you come to China?" using 来 (lái). Another example is if you want to go from China to Japan, your friends might ask you:  “When are you going to Japan?" using 去 (qù).
  
“来”(lái)和“去”(qù)都是具有方向指示性的动词。“来”表示提到的地点趋向说话者,“去”表示提到的地点远离说话者。比如如果你在中国,本地人会问你“你是什么时候来中国的?”如果你要从中国去日本,你的朋友会问你“你什么时候去日本?”
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Seems really easy, right? Well, learn them well now, because you'll get a lot of mileage out of these words in future grammar patterns.
  
== Basic usage ==
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== Basic Usage ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
来/去 + location
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来 / 去 + Place
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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For the examples below, keep in mind that if the speaker uses 去 (qù), then she is not at the place mentioned ''now''. If the speaker uses 来 (lái), she must already be at the place mentioned. Just stay consistent with this, and you're good.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em></em> 上海 一 年 了。<span class="expl">我们知道这个人现在在上海。</span>
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* 妈妈 要 <em>去</em> 超市。<span class="pinyin">Māma yào <em></em> chāoshì.</span><span class="trans">Mom will go to the supermarket.</span>
* <em></em> 北京 呆 了 一 年。<span class="expl">这个人一定不在上海。</span>
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* 老板 今天 <em>来</em> 公司 吗?<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn jīntiān <em>lái</em> gōngsī ma?</span><span class="trans">Is the boss coming into the office today?</span>
* 我 要 <em></em> 公司。<span class="expl">说话者可能在家。</span>
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* 你 现在 <em>来</em>南京 路 吧。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiànzài <em>lái</em> Nánjīng Lù ba.</span><span class="trans">Come to Nanjing Road now.</span>
* <em>来</em> 公司 了。<span class="expl">说话者已经在公司了。</span>
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* 你 不 想 <em>来</em> 我们 公司 工作 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù xiǎng <em>lái</em> wǒmen gōngsī gōngzuò ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you not want to come to work for our company? </span>
* 小王 <em></em> 我们 公司 一 个 月 了。 <span class="expl">我们知道小王和说话人都在同一个公司。</span>
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* 去年 她 <em></em> 美国 工作 了 几 个 月 。<span class="pinyin">Qùnián tā <em>qù</em> Měiguó gōngzuò le jǐ gè yuè.</span><span class="trans">Last year she went to work in the USA for a few months.</span>
* 我 经常 <em></em> 这里 喝 咖啡。<span class="expl">说话者现在在“这里”喝咖啡。</span>
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* 你们 想 <em>去</em> Starbucks 还是 Costa?<span class="pinyin"> Nǐmen xiǎng <em></em> Starbucks háishì Costa? </span><span class="trans">Would you like to go to Starbucks or Costa?</span>
* <em></em>南京 路 吧。<span class="expl">说话者在南京路附近。</span>
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* 周末 我 喜欢 <em>去</em> 朋友 家。<span class="pinyin">Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuan <em></em> péngyou jiā.</span><span class="trans">I like to go to my friends' places on the weekends.</span>
* 明天 <em>去</em> 美国。<span class="expl">不管说话者在哪里,反正不在美国。</span>
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* 爸爸 明天 <em>去</em> 北京 出差。<span class="pinyin">Bàba míngtiān <em>qù</em> Běijīng chūchāi.</span><span class="trans">Dad will go to Beijing on a business trip tomorrow.</span>
* <em>来</em> 我 家。<span class="expl">说话者现在在自己家里。</span>
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* 我 今天 不 上班,你们 可以 <em>来</em> 我 家 吃饭 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ jīntiān bù shàngbān, nǐmen kěyǐ <em>lái</em> wǒ jiā chīfàn.</span><span class="trans">I don't have to go to work today. You can come to my home to eat dinner.</span>
* 我 昨天 <em></em> 他 家 了。<span class="expl">说话者现在不在他家。</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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== Advanced Usage ==
 
== Advanced Usage ==
  
=== Rules ===
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来 (lái) and  去 (qù) can both be paired with other simple verbs to demonstrate the direction an action has taken. For example, 进来 (jìnlai, "come in"),  进去 (jìnqu, "go in"),  出来 (chūlai, "come out"),  出去 (chūqu, "go out"), 回来 (huílai, "come back"), 回去 (huíqu, "go back"), etc.
 
 
“来”和“去”都可以跟别的动词搭配,表示动作的趋向。比如“进来”“进去”“出来”“出去”“回来”“回去”等等。但是有一个规则,就是在它们搭配其他动词之后形成的趋向动词都不能有宾语。
 
汉语初学者经常犯的一个错误就是会说“我回来中国。”其实是不对的,我们可以说“我回中国。”或者“我回中国来。” 关于这部分我们在[[Direction complement|Direction complement]]中详细解释。
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
  
<div class="liju">
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When you start tacking these two-character verbs onto the ends of other verbs, they are called [[direction complement]]s, and are covered in detail in a more advanced article.
<ul>
 
<li class="x">明天 我 <em>回去</em> 美国。 <span class="expl">“回去”后面不可以有宾语。</span></li>
 
<li class="o">明天 我 <em>回</em> 美国。 <span class="expl">最简单的方法是只用“回”</span></li>
 
<li class="o">明天 我 <em>回</em> 美国 <em>去</em>。 <span class="expl">也可以把“去”放在句子的最末尾。</span></li>
 
<li class="x">他 <em>进来</em> 房间。 <span class="expl">“出去”后面不可以有宾语。</span></li>
 
<li class="o">他 <em>进</em> 房间。
 
<li class="o">他 <em>进</em> 房间 <em>来</em>。
 
</ul>
 
</div>
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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*[[Direction complement]]
 
*[[Direction complement]]
  
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== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
=== Books ===
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=== Books === -->
 
 
 
 
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|来|A2|来/去 + location|我 <em>来</em> 上海 一 年 了。|grammar point|代码空白}}
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{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
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{{Basic Grammar|来|A2|来 / 去 + Place|我 <em>来</em> 上海 一 年 了。|grammar point|ASGRBKSL}}
 
{{Rel char|去}}
 
{{Rel char|去}}
 
{{Similar|Direction complement}}   
 
{{Similar|Direction complement}}   
 
{{Used for|Expressing movement}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing movement}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}

Latest revision as of 09:22, 20 April 2021

Chinese-grammar-wiki-qu.jpg

来 (lái) and 去 (qù) are both words that help to express direction from the perspective of the speaker. 来 (lái) means "come" (towards the speaker), while 去 (qù) means "go" (away from the speaker). For example, if you are in China, a local person might ask you: "When did you come to China?" using 来 (lái). Another example is if you want to go from China to Japan, your friends might ask you: “When are you going to Japan?" using 去 (qù).

Seems really easy, right? Well, learn them well now, because you'll get a lot of mileage out of these words in future grammar patterns.

Basic Usage

Structure

来 / 去 + Place

Examples

For the examples below, keep in mind that if the speaker uses 去 (qù), then she is not at the place mentioned now. If the speaker uses 来 (lái), she must already be at the place mentioned. Just stay consistent with this, and you're good.

  • 妈妈 要 超市。Māma yào chāoshì.Mom will go to the supermarket.
  • 老板 今天 公司 吗?Lǎobǎn jīntiān lái gōngsī ma?Is the boss coming into the office today?
  • 你 现在 南京 路 吧。Nǐ xiànzài lái Nánjīng Lù ba.Come to Nanjing Road now.
  • 你 不 想 我们 公司 工作 吗?Nǐ bù xiǎng lái wǒmen gōngsī gōngzuò ma?Do you not want to come to work for our company?
  • 去年 她 美国 工作 了 几 个 月 。Qùnián tā Měiguó gōngzuò le jǐ gè yuè.Last year she went to work in the USA for a few months.
  • 你们 想 Starbucks 还是 Costa? Nǐmen xiǎng Starbucks háishì Costa? Would you like to go to Starbucks or Costa?
  • 周末 我 喜欢 朋友 家。Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuan péngyou jiā.I like to go to my friends' places on the weekends.
  • 爸爸 明天 北京 出差。Bàba míngtiān Běijīng chūchāi.Dad will go to Beijing on a business trip tomorrow.
  • 我 今天 不 上班,你们 可以 我 家 吃饭 。Wǒ jīntiān bù shàngbān, nǐmen kěyǐ lái wǒ jiā chīfàn.I don't have to go to work today. You can come to my home to eat dinner.

Advanced Usage

来 (lái) and 去 (qù) can both be paired with other simple verbs to demonstrate the direction an action has taken. For example, 进来 (jìnlai, "come in"), 进去 (jìnqu, "go in"), 出来 (chūlai, "come out"), 出去 (chūqu, "go out"), 回来 (huílai, "come back"), 回去 (huíqu, "go back"), etc.

When you start tacking these two-character verbs onto the ends of other verbs, they are called direction complements, and are covered in detail in a more advanced article.

See also