Difference between revisions of "Expressing "much more" in comparisons"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
If you want to up the intensity of your comparisons, you might want to express "much more." You can do this using 多 (duō), but did you know there are actually three different ways to do it?
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If you want to up the contrast of your comparisons, you might want to express "much more." You can do this using 多 (duō), but did you know there are actually three different ways to do it?
  
== Basic Pattern ==
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== Structure ==
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
  
 
As well as expressing that two things differ, you might want to go further and say that they differ '''a lot''' by adding 很多 (hěn duō), 多了(duō le), or 得多 (de duō). This is like saying that one thing is ''much more Adj.'' than another in English.
 
As well as expressing that two things differ, you might want to go further and say that they differ '''a lot''' by adding 很多 (hěn duō), 多了(duō le), or 得多 (de duō). This is like saying that one thing is ''much more Adj.'' than another in English.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 很多 / 多了 / 得多
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Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 很多 / 得多 / 多了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*拼音 <em>比</em> 汉字 容易 <em>很 多</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Pīnyīn <em>bǐ</em> Hànzì róngyì <em>hěn duō</em>.</span><span class="trans">Pinyin is much easier than Chinese characters.</span>
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*拼音 <em>比</em> 汉字 容易 <strong>很多</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Pīnyīn <em>bǐ</em> Hànzì róngyì <strong>hěn duō</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Pinyin is much easier than Chinese characters.</span>
*坐 高铁 <em>比</em> 坐 飞机 方便 <em>很 多</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zuò gāotiě <em>bǐ</em> zuò fēijī fāngbiàn <em>hěn duō</em>.</span><span class="trans">It's much more convenient to take the high-speed train than the airplane.</span>
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*坐 高铁 <em>比</em> 坐 飞机 方便 <strong>很多</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zuò gāotiě <em>bǐ</em> zuò fēijī fāngbiàn <strong>hěn duō</strong>.</span><span class="trans">It's much more convenient to take the high-speed train than the airplane.</span>
*他 打 篮球 <em>比</em> 我 厉害 <em>多 了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā dǎ lánqiú <em>bǐ</em> wǒ lìhai <em>duō le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He plays basketball much better than I do.</span>
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*这 个 女老师 <em>比</em> 那个 男老师 严格 <strong>得 多</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège nǚ lǎoshī <em>bǐ</em> nàge nán lǎoshī yángé <strong>de duō</strong>.</span><span class="trans">This female teacher is much stricter than that male teacher.</span>
*这 个 老师 <em>比</em> 那个 老师 严格 <em>得 多</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè gè lǎoshī <em>bǐ</em> nàge lǎoshī yángé <em>de duō</em>.</span><span class="trans">This teacher is much more strict than that teacher.</span>
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*老婆 的 工资 <em></em> 我 高 <strong>得多</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ lǎopo de gōngzī <em>bǐ</em> wǒ gāo <strong>de duō</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My wife's salary is much higher than mine.</span>
*我 感觉 今天 <em>比</em> 昨天 好 <em>多了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gǎnjué jīntiān <em>bǐ</em> zuótiān hǎo <em>duō le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I feel much better today than yesterday.</span>
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*<em>比</em> 我 有经验 <strong>多了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin"><em>bǐ</em> wǒ yǒu jīngyàn <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">You're much more experienced than me.</span>
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*你们 <em>比</em> 我们 幸运 <strong>多了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bǐ</em> wǒmen xìngyùn <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">You're much luckier than us.</span>
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*他 打 篮球 <em>比</em> 我 厉害 <strong>多 了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā dǎ lánqiú <em>bǐ</em> wǒ lìhai <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He plays basketball much better than I do.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Advanced Pattern ==
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== Short Form with 多了 ==
  
When used in a comparison, 还 expresses an even higher degree of the adjective.  
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Given sufficient context, it's possible to use 多了 without the full comparison pattern. 多了 is the only one of the three "much more" phrases introduced in this article which can be used this way.
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + 还 + Adj.  
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Subj. + Adj. + 多了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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A few examples:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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*我 的 感冒 好 <strong>多了</strong> <span class="expl">We both know I've had this bad cold.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ de gǎnmào hǎo <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My cold is getting much better.</span>
*这 家 店 <em></em> 那 家 店 <em></em> 贵 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiā diàn <em></em> nà jiā diàn <em>hái</em> guì.</span><span class="trans">This shop is even more expensive than that one.</span>
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*最近 天气 暖和 <strong>多了</strong> 。<span class="expl">We're both aware of recent weather, obviously.</span><span class="pinyin">Zuìjìn tiānqì nuǎnhuo <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">It's been much warmer lately.</span>
*这个 月 <em>比</em> 上个 月 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège yuè <em>bǐ</em> shàng gè yuè <em>hái</em> máng.</span><span class="trans">We're even busier this month than last month.</span>
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*上 大学 以后 ,她 成熟 <strong>多了</strong> 。<span class="expl">We both know how immature she used to be.</span><span class="pinyin">Shàng dàxué yǐhòu, chéngshú <strong>duō le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">She became much more mature after she went to college.</span>
*他 <em>比</em> 姚明 <em>还</em> 高 。<span class="pinyin"><em></em> YáoMíng <em>hái</em> gāo.</span><span class="trans">He is even taller than Yao Ming.</span>
 
*上海 的 人口 <em></em> 北京 <em>还</em> 多 。<span class="pinyin">Shànghǎi de rénkǒu <em>bǐ</em> Běijīng <em>hái</em> duō.</span><span class="trans">The population of Beijing is even bigger than Shanghai.</span>
 
*她 妈妈 <em>比</em> 她 <em>还</em> 年轻 。<span class="pinyin">Tā māma <em>bǐ</em> tā <em>hái</em> niánqīng.</span><span class="trans">Her mother is even younger than her.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)]] (pp. 20) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|93}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 6- 8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 3|84}}
 
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)|20}}
=== Websites ===
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|6- 8}}
 
 
* East Asia Student: [http://eastasiastudent.net/390/china/mandarin/cmn-grammar/graded-comparisons/ Graded comparisons in Mandarin Chinese]
 
  
{{Basic Grammar|比|B1|Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 多了 / 得多|<em>比</em> 你 高 <em>多 了</em>。你 <em>比</em> 我 胖 <em>得 多</em>|grammar point|ASG6KUS5}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
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{{HSK|HSK3}}
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{{Basic Grammar|比|B1|Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 多了|拼音 <em>比</em> 汉字 容易 <em>多了</em> |grammar point|ASG6KUS5}}
 
{{Rel char|多}}
 
{{Rel char|多}}
 
{{Rel char|得多}}
 
{{Rel char|得多}}
 
{{Rel char|多了}}
 
{{Rel char|多了}}
{{Rel char|了}}
 
{{Rel char|得}}
 
 
{{Similar|Basic comparisons with "bi"}}
 
{{Similar|Basic comparisons with "bi"}}
{{Similar|Expressing "age difference" with "da and xiao"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "even more" with "geng" or "hai"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "a little too" with "you dian"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "a little too" with "you dian"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing comparable degree with "you"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "compared with" with "gen"}}
 
{{Similar|Basic comparisons with "bu bi"}}
 
{{Similar|Basic comparisons with "bu bi"}}
 
{{Used for|Comparing}}
 
{{Used for|Comparing}}
 
{{Used for|Adding more explanation}}
 
{{Used for|Adding more explanation}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quality}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quality}}
{{POS|Prepositions}}
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{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Subprop|Comparison Patterns}}
 
{{Translation|more}}
 
{{Translation|more}}

Latest revision as of 08:56, 21 April 2021

If you want to up the contrast of your comparisons, you might want to express "much more." You can do this using 多 (duō), but did you know there are actually three different ways to do it?

Structure

As well as expressing that two things differ, you might want to go further and say that they differ a lot by adding 很多 (hěn duō), 多了(duō le), or 得多 (de duō). This is like saying that one thing is much more Adj. than another in English.

Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. + 很多 / 得多 / 多了

Examples

  • 拼音 汉字 容易 很多Pīnyīn Hànzì róngyì hěn duō.Pinyin is much easier than Chinese characters.
  • 坐 高铁 坐 飞机 方便 很多Zuò gāotiě zuò fēijī fāngbiàn hěn duō.It's much more convenient to take the high-speed train than the airplane.
  • 这 个 女老师 那个 男老师 严格 得 多Zhège nǚ lǎoshī nàge nán lǎoshī yángé de duō.This female teacher is much stricter than that male teacher.
  • 我 老婆 的 工资 我 高 得多Wǒ lǎopo de gōngzī wǒ gāo de duō.My wife's salary is much higher than mine.
  • 我 有经验 多了 wǒ yǒu jīngyàn duō le.You're much more experienced than me.
  • 你们 我们 幸运 多了Nǐmen wǒmen xìngyùn duō le.You're much luckier than us.
  • 他 打 篮球 我 厉害 多 了Tā dǎ lánqiú wǒ lìhai duō le.He plays basketball much better than I do.

Short Form with 多了

Given sufficient context, it's possible to use 多了 without the full comparison pattern. 多了 is the only one of the three "much more" phrases introduced in this article which can be used this way.

Subj. + Adj. + 多了

A few examples:

  • 我 的 感冒 好 多了We both know I've had this bad cold.Wǒ de gǎnmào hǎo duō le.My cold is getting much better.
  • 最近 天气 暖和 多了We're both aware of recent weather, obviously.Zuìjìn tiānqì nuǎnhuo duō le.It's been much warmer lately.
  • 上 大学 以后 ,她 成熟 多了We both know how immature she used to be.Shàng dàxué yǐhòu, tā chéngshú duō le.She became much more mature after she went to college.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books