Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "dou""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
都⋯⋯ 了 (dōu... le) is used to express that something has already happened, similar to "[["Already" with "yijing"|已经⋯⋯ 了]]." However it is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event, and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with "已经⋯⋯ 了." The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern "都已经⋯⋯ 了." Here the meaning is the same as "都⋯⋯ 了."
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都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [["Already" with "yijing"|已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了]]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
  
==Structure==
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== Used Before a Time ==
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 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 
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When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action. 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
都 + Time + 了
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</div>
 +
 +
=== Examples ===
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 +
<div class="liju">
  
+ Time Word / Quantity +
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*<em></em> 九点 <strong></strong> ,快点 起床 !<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <strong>le</strong>, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <strong>了</strong> ,你 <strong>还</strong> 不 睡 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <strong>了</strong> ,你 <strong>还</strong> 这么 想 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <strong>了</strong> ,他 <strong>还</strong> 在 厕所 里 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <strong>le</strong>, tā <strong>hái</strong> zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 星期 <strong>了</strong> ,<strong>还在</strong> 下雨 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xīngqī <strong>le</strong>, <strong>hái zài</strong> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">It's been a week and it's still raining.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="jiegou">
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== Used Before the Predicate ==
  
Subj. + 都 +  Adj. / Verb + 了
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=== Structure ===
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Examples ==
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The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
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 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>都</em> 九点 <em>了</em>,快 起床 吧!<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <em>le</em>, kuài qǐchuáng ba!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <strong>了</strong> ,快 吃 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <strong>le</strong>, kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <em>了</em>,你 还不 睡?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <em>le</em>, nǐ hái bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12am. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏 <strong>了</strong> ,扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <strong>le</strong>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.</span>
*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <em>了</em>,他 还 在 厕所 里。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <em>le</em>, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour. He's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <strong>了</strong> 。别 烦 我 !<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <strong>le</strong>. Bié fán wǒ!</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!</span>
*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <em>了</em>,你 还 这么 想?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <em>le</em>, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <strong>了</strong> ,看 别的 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <strong>le</strong>, kàn biéde ba.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
*你 <em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>,说话 还 像 个 孩子。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>dōu</em> kuài sānshí <em>le</em>, shuōhuà hái xiàng gè háizi.</span><span class="trans">You're  30, and you still talk like a small child.</span>
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*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <strong>了</strong> ,你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <em>了</em>,快 吃 吧。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <em>le</em>. Kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
 
*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏<em>了</em>,扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <em>le</em>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. You should throw it away.</span>
 
*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <em>了</em>,不想 再 说 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <em>le</em>, bù xiǎng zài shuō le.</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. I don't want to repeat any more.</span>
 
*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <em>了</em>,看 别的 吧。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <em>le</em>, kàn biéde .</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
 
*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <em>了</em>,你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <em>le</em>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He's made an apology. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
==See also==
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 97-99) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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*[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (p. 178) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|116}}
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}}
 +
{{Source|现代汉语八百词(增订本)|178}}
  
 
=== Dictionaries ===
 
=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (p. 329 ) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
 
 +
{{Source|现代汉语词典(第5版)|329 }}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都⋯⋯ 了|<em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>,还 不 结婚?|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
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{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都 + Time + 了|<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ,快点 起床 !|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
{{Similar|"Already" with "yijing"}}   
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{{Similar|Uses of "le"}} 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "already" with "yijing"}}   
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{{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing duration of inaction}}
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "dou"}} 
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{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Translation|already}}
 
{{Translation|already}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to 已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.

Used Before a Time

Structure

When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.

都 + Time + 了

Examples

  • 九点 ,快点 起床 !Dōu jiǔ diǎn le, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!
  • 十二 点 ,你 不 睡 ?Dōu shí'èr diǎn le, nǐ hái bù shuì?It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?
  • 二十一 世纪 ,你 这么 想 ?Dōu èrshí-yī shìjì le, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?
  • 一 个 小时 ,他 在 厕所 里 。Dōu yī gè xiǎoshí le, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.
  • 一 个 星期 还在 下雨 。Dōu yī gè xīngqī le, hái zài xiàyǔ.It's been a week and it's still raining.

Used Before the Predicate

Structure

Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • ,快 吃 吧 。Fàn dōu liáng le, kuài chī ba.The food is cold already. Let's eat.
  • 牛奶 ,扔掉 吧 。Niúnǎi dōu huài le, rēngdiào ba.The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.
  • 说 了 三 遍 。别 烦 我 !dōu shuō le sān biàn le. Bié fán wǒ!I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!
  • 这个 电影 你 看 过 ,看 别的 吧 。Zhège diànyǐng nǐ dōu kàn guo le, kàn biéde ba.You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.
  • 道歉 ,你 别 生气 了。dōu dàoqiàn le, nǐ bié shēngqì le.He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries