Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "dou""
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| − | 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to | + | 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [["Already" with "yijing"|已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了]]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了. |
| − | == Used | + | == Used Before a Time == |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action. | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | 都 + Time | + | 都 + Time + 了 |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | *<em>都</em> 九点 < | + | *<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <strong>le</strong>, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span> |
| − | *<em>都</em> 十二 点 < | + | *<em>都</em> 十二 点 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 不 睡 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?</span> |
| − | *<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 < | + | *<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 这么 想 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span> |
| − | *<em>都</em> | + | *<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <strong>了</strong> ，他 <strong>还</strong> 在 厕所 里 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <strong>le</strong>, tā <strong>hái</strong> zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.</span> |
| + | *<em>都</em> 一 个 星期 <strong>了</strong> ，<strong>还在</strong> 下雨 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xīngqī <strong>le</strong>, <strong>hái zài</strong> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">It's been a week and it's still raining.</span> | ||
| − | == Used | + | </div> |
| + | |||
| + | == Used Before the Predicate == | ||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| Line 27: | Line 32: | ||
Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了 | Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了 | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective. | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| − | + | <div class="liju"> | |
| − | *饭 <em>都</em> 凉 < | + | |
| − | *牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏< | + | *饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <strong>了</strong> ，快 吃 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <strong>le</strong>, kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span> |
| − | *我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 < | + | *牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏 <strong>了</strong> ，扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <strong>le</strong>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.</span> |
| − | *这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 < | + | *我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <strong>了</strong> 。别 烦 我 ！<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <strong>le</strong>. Bié fán wǒ!</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!</span> |
| − | *他 <em>都</em> 道歉 < | + | *这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <strong>了</strong> ，看 别的 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <strong>le</strong>, kàn biéde ba.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span> |
| + | *他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <strong>了</strong> ，你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|116}} | ||
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}} | {{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}} | ||
{{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|178}} | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|178}} | ||
=== Dictionaries === | === Dictionaries === | ||
| + | |||
{{Source|现代汉语词典（第5版）|329 }} | {{Source|现代汉语词典（第5版）|329 }} | ||
[[Category:B1 grammar points]] | [[Category:B1 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|都|B1| | + | {{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都 + Time + 了|<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}} | ||
{{Rel char|了}} | {{Rel char|了}} | ||
| − | {{Similar|" | + | {{Similar|Uses of "le"}} |
| − | {{ | + | {{Similar|Expressing "already" with "yijing"}} |
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Expressing duration of inaction}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Advanced uses of "dou"}} | ||
| + | {{POS|Adverbs}} | ||
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}} | {{Used for|Expressing attitude}} | ||
{{Used for|Emphasizing}} | {{Used for|Emphasizing}} | ||
{{Translation|already}} | {{Translation|already}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021
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Level
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Keywords
都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to 已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
Contents
Used Before a Time
Structure
When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.
都 + Time + 了
Examples
- 都 九点 了 ，快点 起床 ！It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!
- 都 十二 点 了 ，你 还 不 睡 ？It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?
- 都 二十一 世纪 了 ，你 还 这么 想 ？It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?
- 都 一 个 小时 了 ，他 还 在 厕所 里 。It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.
- 都 一 个 星期 了 ，还在 下雨 。It's been a week and it's still raining.
Used Before the Predicate
Structure
Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了
The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
Examples
- 饭 都 凉 了 ，快 吃 吧 。The food is cold already. Let's eat.
- 牛奶 都 坏 了 ，扔掉 吧 。The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.
- 我 都 说 了 三 遍 了 。别 烦 我 ！I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!
- 这个 电影 你 都 看 过 了 ，看 别的 吧 。You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.
- 他 都 道歉 了 ，你 别 生气 了。He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.
Sources and further reading
Books
- HSK Standard Course 2 (pp. 116) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 97-99) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 178) [ →buy]
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 329 ) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
