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| − | The [[aspect particle]] 过 is used to indicate that an '''action has been experienced''' in the past. The structure is:
| + | #REDIRECT [[Expressing experiences with "guo"]] |
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + Verb + 过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | What this expresses is that the verb ''has been'' done at least once before, without specifying a particular time. 过 is used to talk about whether something has ''ever'' happened - whether it ''has been experienced''.
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| − | Some examples:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 去 <em>过</em> 中国。
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| − | * 他 吃 <em>过</em> 小笼包。
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| − | * 你 看 <em>过</em> 那 个 人 吗？
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Negating a 过 sentence ==
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| − | Because 过 is used to talk about past actions, it should be [[Negation of past actions|negated with 没]]. The structure is:
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 没 + Verb + 过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | Some examples:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 <em>没</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。
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| − | * 他 <em>没</em> 听 <strong>过</strong> 这 首 歌。
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| − | * 你 <em>没</em> 尝 <strong>过</strong> 这 种 啤酒。
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473 Common Chinese Patterns 330] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA 外国人实用汉语语法(中英文对照)] (pp. ???)
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| − | * [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU 简明汉语语法学习手册] (pp. ???)
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | * ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
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