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| − | The [[aspect particle]] 过 is used to indicate that an '''action has been experienced''' in the past. The structure is:
| + | #REDIRECT [[Expressing experiences with "guo"]] |
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + Verb + 过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | What this expresses is that the verb ''has been'' done at least once before, without specifying a particular time. 过 is used to talk about whether something has ''ever'' happened - whether it ''has been experienced''.
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| − | Some examples:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 去 <em>过</em> 中国。
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| − | * 他 吃 <em>过</em> 小笼包。
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| − | * 你 看 <em>过</em> 那 个 人 吗？
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Negating a 过 sentence ==
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| − | Because 过 is used to talk about past actions, it should be [[Negation of past actions|negated with 没]]. The structure is:
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 没 + Verb + 过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | Some examples:
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 我 <em>没</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。
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| − | * 他 <em>没</em> 听 <strong>过</strong> 这 首 歌。
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| − | * 你 <em>没</em> 尝 <strong>过</strong> 这 种 啤酒。
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Using 过 with 了 ==
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| − | You'll sometimes see 过 used together with 了. This can be a little confusing, as it doesn't seeing to be following the rules laid out above. For more on this special usage of 过, see the article on [[Using "guo" with "le"|using 过 with 了]].
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | * [[A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) ]] (pp. 138) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
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| − | * [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (pp. 73-74) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
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| − | * [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 345 - 347) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 76-77, 230-232) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 175 - 176) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
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| − | === Websites ===
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| − | * ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
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