Difference between revisions of "A1 grammar points"

 
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"A1" is the first level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
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== Basics ==
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'''"A1" (Beginner)''' is the first and lowest level used on the Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is [[A1 grammar points with HSK|roughly equivalent to '''HSK Levels 1-2''']].
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
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There are '''{{#ask: [[Level::A1]] | format=count }}''' total grammar points in the list below.
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGETNCO|Basic Sentence Order]] || N + [V + Obj.] || <span class="liju">我 爱 你 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Connecting Nouns with "''shi''" || A + 是 + B || <span class="liju">我 <em>是</em> 学生 。 </span>
 
|-
 
|Simple "Noun + Adjective" Sentences || N + 很 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 很 饿 。 </span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "Excessively" || 太 + Adj + 了 || <span class="liju"><em>太</em> 好 <em>了</em> ! </span>
 
|}
 
  
== Question Forms ==
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== Parts of Speech ==
 +
These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.
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{{Print POS|A1}}
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60em; text-align:left"
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== Grammatical Structures ==
|-
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These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.  
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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{{Print Structure|A1}}
|-
 
|Placement of Question Words || 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿  / 为什么 / 怎么 || <span class="liju">你 是 <em>谁</em> ?你 在 <em>哪儿</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Offering Choices as a Question || A + 还是 + B ? || <span class="liju">你 要 茶 <em>还是</em> 咖啡 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Yes/No Questions with "''ma''" || ...吗? || <span class="liju">你 爱 我 <em>吗</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|"Verb-Not-Verb" and "Adjective-NotAdjective" Questions || V + 不 + V / Adj + 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">你 <em>爱 不 爱</em> 我 ?</span>
 
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|Tag Questions with "''ma''" || ⋯是吗?, ⋯对吗?, ⋯好吗? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 吗</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Tag Questions with "''bu''" || ⋯是不是?, 对不对?, ⋯好不好? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 不 好</em> ?</span>
 
|}
 
  
== Numbers ==
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== Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points ==
 +
What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.
 +
{{Print Comparisons|A1}}
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:55em; text-align:left"
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== See Also ==
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Structure of Numbers || Number + [Unit] || <span class="liju">三百 五十九。</span>
 
|-
 
|Use of "''er''" and "''liang''" for "Two" || 二/两 || <span class="liju"><em>两</em> 个 人。<em>二</em>十<em>二</em>。</span>
 
|-
 
|Structure of Dates || Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 号/日 || <span class="liju">今天 <em>2011年 11月 11日</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Structure of Days of the Week || 星期/礼拜 + Number || <span class="liju">今天 <em>星期三</em> 。</span>
 
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|Structure of Times || Number + 点(种) || <span class="liju">现在 <em>十一点</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|All-Purpose Measure Word "''ge''" || Number + 个 + N || <span class="liju">一 <em>个</em> 人 。</span>
 
|}
 
  
== Verbs ==
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* The next level is: [[A2 grammar points]]
 
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* For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
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* This list in French: [http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLA1 Grammaire chinoise niveau A1]
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Using the Verb "''jiao''" || 叫 + [Name] || <span class="liju">你的 名字 <em>叫</em> 什么 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Using the Verb "''xing''" || 姓 + [Surname] || <span class="liju">你 <em>姓</em> 什么 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Using the Verb "''qu''" || 去 + [Place] || <span class="liju">你 <em>去</em> 哪儿 ?</span>
 
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|Standard Negation || 不 + V / 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>不</em> 爱 你 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Negation of Actions in the Past || 没 + V / 没有 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>没</em> 去 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Special Negation: "do not have" || 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">我 <em>没有</em> 钱 。</span>
 
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|Special "Verb-Not-Verb" Exception: "to have" || 有 + 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">你 <em>有 没有</em> 咖啡 ?</span>
 
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|Verbing Briefly || V + 一下 || <span class="liju">你 <em>看 一下</em> 。</span>
 
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|Wanting to do Something with "''yao''" || 要 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>要</em> 吃 饭 。</span>
 
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|"How" to Do Something || 怎么 + V ? || <span class="liju"><em>怎么</em> 去 ?</span>
 
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|Expressing Existence with "''you''" || Place + 有⋯ || <span class="liju">这里 <em>有</em> 咖啡 。</span>
 
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|Expressing a Learned Skill || 会 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>会 说</em> 中文 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Permission || 可以 + V || <span class="liju">你 <em>可以 去</em> 。</span>
 
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|Expressing Ability or Possibility || 能 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>能 买</em> 吗 ?</span>
 
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|Expressing Existence in a Place || 在 + Place || <span class="liju">老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。</span>
 
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|Actions in a Row || [Verb Phrase 1] + [Verb Phrase 2] || <span class="liju">我 要 <em>回家 吃饭</em> 。</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Particles ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Questions with "''ne''" || ⋯呢? || <span class="liju">你 <em>呢</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|Suggestions with "''ba''" || ⋯吧 || <span class="liju">我们 走 <em>吧</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Possession || N1 + 的 + N2 || <span class="liju">我的 <em>老师</em></span>
 
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|Expressing Possession: Special Cases || N1 + N2 || <span class="liju"><em>我 妈妈</em></span>
 
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|Expressing Experiences with Verbs || V + 过 || <span class="liju">我 <em>去 过</em> 。</span>
 
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|The "Also" Adverb || 也 + V / 也 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>也 爱</em> 你 。</span>
 
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|The "All" Adverb || 都 + V / 都 + Adj || <span class="liju">我们 <em>都 爱</em> 你 。</span>
 
|}
 
  
 
[[Category:Levels]]
 
[[Category:Levels]]

Latest revision as of 02:33, 18 November 2021

JTB-ebook-600 388.png

"A1" (Beginner) is the first and lowest level used on the Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 1-2.

There are 40 total grammar points in the list below.

Parts of Speech

These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Negation of "you" with "mei" 没 + 有 没有 钱 。
Standard negation with "bu" 不 + Verb / Adj. 他们 是 坏 孩子。
The "all" adverb "dou" 都 + Verb / Adj. 我们 住 在 上海。
The "also" adverb "ye" 也 + Verb / Adj. 昨天 很 冷,今天 冷。

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "and" with "he" Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 他 都 不 去。
Offering choices with "haishi" A + 还是 + B ? 你 要 喝 茶 还是 咖啡 ?

Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Age with "sui" Subj. + Number + 岁 我 20
Measure word "ge" Number + 个 + Noun 人 。
Structure of dates Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日 今天 是 2011年 11月 11日/号
Structure of days of the week 星期 + Number 今天 星期三
Structure of numbers Number + Unit 三 百 五 十 九。
Structure of times (basic) Number + 点(钟) 现在 十一点

Particles

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing close possession without "de" Pronoun + Noun 我 女朋友
Expressing possession with "de" Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2 我 的 老师
Questions with "ne" ⋯⋯呢 ? 我 很 好。你  ?
Suggestions with "ba" Command + 吧 我们 走

Verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing existence in a place with "zai" 在 + Place 老师 在 上海
Expressing existence with "you" Place + 有 + Obj. 我们 学校 很 多 学生。
Expressing possession with "you" Subj. + 有 + Obj. 钱。
Using the verb "jiao" 叫 + Name 什么 名字 ?
Using the verb "qu" 去 + Place 学校。
Using the verb "xing" 姓 + Surname 什么 ?

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" 能 + Verb 中文 这么 难,你 学 好 吗?
Expressing a learned skill with "hui" 会 + Verb 会 说 中文 。
Expressing "be going to" with "yao" Subj. + 要 + Verb (+ 了) 去 吃饭,你 去 吗?
Expressing permission with "keyi" 可以 + Verb 这里 可以 吸烟 吗?
Wanting to do something with "yao" 要 + Verb 吃饭 。

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
How to do something with "zenme" 怎么 + Verb ? 怎么 走?
Negation of past actions with "meiyou" 没有 + Verb 没有 去 酒吧。
Negative commands with "buyao" 不要 + Verb 不要 说 英文!

Grammatical Structures

These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.

Basics

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Basic sentence order Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.) 我 爱 你 。
Connecting nouns with "shi" A + 是 + B 学生 。
Expressing "excessively" with "tai" 太 + Adj. + 了  !
Simple "noun + adjective" sentences Noun + 很 + Adj. 好。

Question Forms

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Affirmative-negative question Verb + 不 + Verb / Adj. + 不 + Adj. 去 不 去好 不 好 ?
Placement of question words 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 你 是 ?你 在 哪儿
Tag questions with "bu" ⋯⋯是不是 / 对不对 / 好不好 ? 你们 明天 来,好 不 好 ?
Tag questions with "ma" ⋯⋯是吗 / 对吗 / 好吗 ? 这样 做, 对 吗 ?
Yes-no questions with "ma" ⋯⋯吗? 他 是 老板  ?

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.

Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Comparing "er" and "liang" 二 vs 两 个 人。

See Also