Difference between revisions of "Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou""
(→Negative Examples: deleted the one about not liking girls: perhaps grammatically correct but would be expressed in other ways (e.g., 对女孩子不太感兴趣). also, changed English for everything in China being bad) |
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | + | 什么……都 (shénme... dōu) is a pattern often used to express "all" or "everything." Because it's not just one word, though, it can be a little tricky to get the hang of at first. | |
| − | == Basic | + | == Basic Usage == |
| − | === | + | === Structure === |
| − | + | In this structure, 都 (dōu) is more frequently used than 也 (yě)。 | |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | Topic + 什么 + 都/也 + Verb/ | + | Topic (+ Subj.) + 什么 + 都 / 也 + Verb / Adj. |
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In some sentences, there will be a subject after the topic in the pattern above. See the following sentences for examples. | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | When used in the positive sense, it is more natural to follow 什么 (shénme) with 都 (dōu) rather than 也 (yě) to express "everything." | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 我 | + | * 我 觉得 这里 的 菜 <em>什么</em> <em>都</em> 好吃。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ juéde zhèlǐ de cài <em>shénme</em> <em>dōu</em> hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">I think everything is delicious here.</span> |
| − | + | * 中国 的 历史 爸爸 <em>什么</em> <em>都</em> 知道。<span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó de lìshǐ bàba <em>shénme</em> <em>dōu</em> zhīdào.</span><span class="trans">My dad knows everything about Chinese history.</span> | |
| − | + | * 工作 的 事情 老公 <em>什么</em> <em>都</em> 跟 我 说。<span class="pinyin">Gōngzuò de shìqing lǎogōng <em>shénme</em> <em>dōu</em> gēn wǒ shuō.</span><span class="trans">My husband tells me everything about work stuff.</span> | |
| − | * 中国 | + | * 妈妈 做 的 菜 我 <em>什么</em> <em>都</em> 喜欢。<span class="pinyin">Māma zuò de cài wǒ <em>shénme</em> <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">I like everything that mom cooks.</span> |
| − | + | * 我女朋友 觉得 外国 的 东西 <em>什么</em> <em>都</em> 好。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ nǚpéngyou juéde wàiguó de dōngxi <em>shénme</em> <em>dōu</em> hǎo.</span><span class="trans">My girlfriend thinks that all foreign things are good.</span> | |
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | == Structure with a Noun == |
| − | === | + | === Structure === |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | 什么 + Noun + 都 | + | 什么 + Noun + 都 + Verb |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | === Examples === | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | === Examples | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | * 我们 <em>什么</em> 果汁 <em>都</em> 喝。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>shénme</em> guǒzhī <em>dōu</em> hē.</span><span class="trans">We drink any kind of fruit juice.</span> |
| − | + | * 她 <em>什么</em> 衣服 <em>都</em> 是 黑色 的。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>shénme</em> yīfu <em>dōu</em> shì hēisè de.</span><span class="trans">All of her clothes are black.</span> | |
| − | * 她 <em>什么</em> 衣服 <em>都</em> 是 | + | * 妈妈 做 的 <em>什么</em> 菜 <em>都</em> 好吃。<span class="pinyin">Māma zuò de <em>shénme</em> cài <em>dōu</em> hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">All of the dishes mom makes are tasty.</span> |
| − | + | * 我男朋友 <em>什么</em> 运动 <em>都</em> 喜欢。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ nánpéngyou <em>shénme</em> yùndòng <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">My boyfriend likes all kinds of sports.</span> | |
| − | * | + | * 你 不 应该 <em>什么</em> 话 <em>都</em> 跟 他 说。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi <em>shénme</em> huà <em>dōu</em> gēn tā shuō.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't tell him everything.</span> |
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| − | * | ||
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| − | * | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Negative | + | == Negative Structure == |
| − | === Structures | + | === Structures === |
| − | The negative structure simply adds a 不 or a 没 after the 都/也. Instead of "all" or "everything," this expresses "none" or "not any." | + | The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) or a 没 (méi) after the 都 (dōu) / 也 (yě). Instead of "all" or "everything," this expresses "none" or "not any." |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | 什么 + Noun | + | 什么 + Noun + 都 / 也 + 不 + Verb |
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | 什么 + Noun + 都/也 + 没 | + | 什么 + Noun + 都 / 也 + 没 (有) + Verb |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | === | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | * 生病 以后，爸爸 <em>什么</em> 酒 <em>都</em> <strong>不</strong> 能 喝 了。<span class="pinyin">Shēngbìng yǐhòu, bàba <em>shénme</em> jiǔ <em>dōu</em> <strong>bù</strong> néng hē le.</span><span class="trans">After dad got sick, he can't drink any kind of alcohol.</span> |
| − | + | * 老板 现在 很 生气，<em>什么</em> 人 <em>也</em> <strong>不</strong> 见。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn xiànzài hěn shēngqì, <em>shénme</em> rén <em> yě</em> <strong>bù</strong> jiàn.</span><span class="trans"> The boss is very angry. He's doesn't want to see anybody.</span> | |
| − | * 很 | + | * 今天 我 不 舒服，<em>什么</em> 东西 <em>都</em> <strong>没</strong> 吃。<span class="pinyin">Jīntiān wǒ bù shūfu, <em>shénme</em> dōngxi <em>dōu</em> <strong>méi</strong> chī.</span><span class="trans">Today I don't feel well, so I didn't eat anything.</span> |
| − | + | * 昨天 开会 的时候，她 <em>什么</em> 话 <em>也</em> <strong>没</strong> 说。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān kāihuì de shíhou, tā <em>shénme</em> huà <em>yě</em> <strong>méi</strong> shuō.</span><span class="trans">She didn't say anything at yesterday's meeting.</span> | |
| − | * | + | * 你 在 家里 怎么 <em>什么</em> 事 <em>都</em> <strong>不</strong> 做？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zài jiālǐ zěnme <em>shénme</em> shì <em>dōu</em> <strong> bù </strong> zuò? </span><span class="trans">How come you haven't done anything at home? </span> |
| − | + | ||
| − | * | ||
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | ==See | + | == See Also == |
| − | *[[Expressing " | + | |
| − | *[[Expressing " | + | *[[Expressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou"]] |
| + | *[[Expressing "every" with question words]] | ||
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| Line 107: | Line 91: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例) |195}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|286-8}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|216-7}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）|314}} | |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:A2 grammar points]] |
| − | {{ | + | {{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}} |
| − | {{Similar|Expressing " | + | {{Similar|Expressing "every" with question words}} |
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}} | {{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}} | ||
{{Similar|"Not at all"}} | {{Similar|"Not at all"}} | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|什么|A2| | + | {{Basic Grammar|什么|A2|什么 + 都 / 也⋯⋯|爸爸 <em>什么 都</em> 知道。|grammar point|ASGAQV6C}} |
{{Rel char|都}} | {{Rel char|都}} | ||
{{Rel char|也}} | {{Rel char|也}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:54, 21 April 2021
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
什么……都 (shénme... dōu) is a pattern often used to express "all" or "everything." Because it's not just one word, though, it can be a little tricky to get the hang of at first.
Contents
Basic Usage
Structure
In this structure, 都 (dōu) is more frequently used than 也 (yě)。
Topic (+ Subj.) + 什么 + 都 / 也 + Verb / Adj.
In some sentences, there will be a subject after the topic in the pattern above. See the following sentences for examples.
Examples
When used in the positive sense, it is more natural to follow 什么 (shénme) with 都 (dōu) rather than 也 (yě) to express "everything."
- 我 觉得 这里 的 菜 什么 都 好吃。I think everything is delicious here.
- 中国 的 历史 爸爸 什么 都 知道。My dad knows everything about Chinese history.
- 工作 的 事情 老公 什么 都 跟 我 说。My husband tells me everything about work stuff.
- 妈妈 做 的 菜 我 什么 都 喜欢。I like everything that mom cooks.
- 我女朋友 觉得 外国 的 东西 什么 都 好。My girlfriend thinks that all foreign things are good.
Structure with a Noun
Structure
什么 + Noun + 都 + Verb
Examples
- 我们 什么 果汁 都 喝。We drink any kind of fruit juice.
- 她 什么 衣服 都 是 黑色 的。All of her clothes are black.
- 妈妈 做 的 什么 菜 都 好吃。All of the dishes mom makes are tasty.
- 我男朋友 什么 运动 都 喜欢。My boyfriend likes all kinds of sports.
- 你 不 应该 什么 话 都 跟 他 说。You shouldn't tell him everything.
Negative Structure
Structures
The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) or a 没 (méi) after the 都 (dōu) / 也 (yě). Instead of "all" or "everything," this expresses "none" or "not any."
什么 + Noun + 都 / 也 + 不 + Verb
什么 + Noun + 都 / 也 + 没 (有) + Verb
Examples
- 生病 以后，爸爸 什么 酒 都 不 能 喝 了。After dad got sick, he can't drink any kind of alcohol.
- 老板 现在 很 生气，什么 人 也 不 见。 The boss is very angry. He's doesn't want to see anybody.
- 今天 我 不 舒服，什么 东西 都 没 吃。Today I don't feel well, so I didn't eat anything.
- 昨天 开会 的时候，她 什么 话 也 没 说。She didn't say anything at yesterday's meeting.
- 你 在 家里 怎么 什么 事 都 不 做？How come you haven't done anything at home?
See Also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例) (pp. 195) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 286-8) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 216-7) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册） (pp. 314) [ →buy]
