Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "yijing""
m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK2}}" to "{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}") |
|||
| (61 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | + | 已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) is the basic pattern used to express "already" in Chinese. It's easy to forget the 了 (le) on the end, but using it will make your Chinese more natural. | |
| − | == Basic | + | == Basic Usages == |
| − | === 已经 with Verb | + | === 已经 (yǐjīng) with Verb Phrases === |
==== Structure ==== | ==== Structure ==== | ||
| − | The most common structure is to use | + | The most common structure is to use 已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) with a verb phrase. |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | 已经 + [Verb Phrase] + 了 | |
| − | 已经 + [ | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 21: | Line 19: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 他们 <em>已经</em> 走 <em>了</em> 。 <span class="expl"> | + | *他们 <em>已经</em> 走 <em>了</em>。<span class="expl pdf-simple-expl">with just a verb</span><span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng</em> zǒu <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They've already left.</span> |
| − | * 我 <em>已经</em> 有 男朋友 <em>了</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng</em> yǒu nánpéngyou <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I already have a boyfriend.</span> | + | *我 <em>已经</em> 有 男朋友 <em>了</em> 。 <span class="expl pdf-simple-expl">with a verb phrase</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng</em> yǒu nánpéngyou <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I already have a boyfriend.</span> |
| − | * 宝宝 <em>已经</em> 会 说话 <em>了</em>。<span class="expl"> | + | *宝宝 <em>已经</em> 会 说话 <em>了</em>。<span class="expl pdf-simple-expl">with a verb phrase</span><span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>yǐjīng</em> huì shuōhuà <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">The baby can already speak.</span> |
| − | * 妈妈 <em>已经</em> 回来 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Māma <em>yǐjīng</em> huílái <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Mom already | + | *妈妈 <em>已经</em> 回来 <em>了</em>。<span class="expl pdf-simple-expl">with just a verb</span><span class="pinyin">Māma <em>yǐjīng</em> huílái <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Mom has already come back.</span> |
| − | * 他 <em>已经</em> 上 飞机 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng</em> shàng fēijī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He's already gotten on the plane.</span> | + | *他 <em>已经</em> 上 飞机 <em>了</em>。<span class="expl pdf-simple-expl">with a verb phrase</span><span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng</em> shàng fēijī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He's already gotten on the plane.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | === 已经 with | + | === 已经 (yǐjīng) with Adjectives === |
==== Structure ==== | ==== Structure ==== | ||
| − | Sometimes [[adjective]] | + | Sometimes an [[adjective]] or a [[time noun]] is used instead of a typical verb phrase: |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | 已经 + (很 +) Adj. + 了 | |
| − | 已经 + Adj + 了 | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 45: | Line 41: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 爸爸 妈妈 <em>已经</em> 老 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Bàba | + | *爸爸 妈妈 <em>已经</em> 老 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Bàba māma <em>yǐjīng</em> lǎo <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Mom and dad are already old.</span> |
| − | * <em>已经</em> 很 便宜 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Yǐjīng</em> hěn | + | *<em>已经</em> 很 便宜 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Yǐjīng</em> hěn piányi <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">It is already very cheap.</span> |
| − | * 你 | + | *你 女朋友 <em>已经</em> 很 漂亮 <em>了</em>！ <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ nǚpéngyou <em>yǐjīng</em> hěn piàoliang <em>le</em>! </span><span class="trans">Your girlfriend is already very beautiful! </span> |
| − | * <em>已经</em> | + | *你 的 感冒 <em>已经</em> 好 <em>了</em> 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de gǎnmào <em>yǐjīng</em> hǎo <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">Is your cold already better?</span> |
| − | * | + | *<em>已经</em> 很 晚 <em>了</em>，我们 走 吧。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Yǐjīng</em> hěn wǎn <em>le</em>, wǒmen zǒu ba.</span><span class="trans">It's already really late. Let's go.</span> |
| + | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | === 已经 with Time | + | === 已经 (yǐjīng) with Time Nouns === |
| + | |||
| + | A "[[time noun]]" simply refers to almost any word in Chinese indicating a time something happened. | ||
==== Structure ==== | ==== Structure ==== | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | 已经 + Time + 了 | |
| − | 已经 + Time | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 66: | Line 63: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * <em>已经</em> 11点 | + | *<em>已经</em> 11点 <em>了</em>，女儿 还 没 回来 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Yǐjīng</em> shíyī diǎn <em>le</em>, nǚ'ér hái méi huílái.</span><span class="trans">It is already 11 o'clock, and my daughter has not returned.</span> |
| − | * 爷爷 <em>已经</em> | + | *爷爷 <em>已经</em> 八十五 岁 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yéye <em>yǐjīng</em> bāshí-wǔ suì <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Grandpa is already eighty-five years old.</span> |
| − | * 我 学习 中文 <em>已经</em> 一 年 | + | *我 学习 中文 <em>已经</em> 一 年 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xuéxí Zhōngwén <em>yǐjīng</em> yī nián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I have already been studying Chinese for a year.</span> |
| − | * | + | *他 在 洗手间 里 <em>已经</em> 半 个 小时 <em>了</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Tā zài xǐshǒujiān lǐ <em>yǐjīng</em> bàn gè xiǎoshí <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He has already been in the bathroom for half an hour.</span> |
| − | * | + | *爸爸 去 北京 出差 <em>已经</em> 两 天 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Bàba qù Běijīng chūchāi <em>yǐjīng</em> liǎng tiān <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">It has already been two days since dad went to Beijing on business trip.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 78: | Line 75: | ||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| − | The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) after 已经 ( | + | The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) after 已经 (yǐjīng), and before the verb (or possibly adjective). |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | 已经 + 不 + Verb + 了 | |
| − | 已经 + 不 + | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| − | Generally this negative 已经 ( | + | Generally this negative 已经 (yǐjīng) structure is translated into English as "not... anymore" rather than using the word "already." |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | *我 <em>已经</em> 不 | + | *我 <em>已经</em> <strong>不</strong> 喜欢 你 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng</em> <strong>bù</strong> xǐhuan nǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't like you anymore.</span> |
| − | * | + | *他 <em>已经</em> <strong>不</strong> 爱 他 的 猫 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng</em> <strong>bù</strong> ài tā de māo <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't love his cat anymore.</span> |
| − | * | + | *他们 <em>已经</em> <strong>不</strong> 住 在 中国 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng</em> <strong>bù</strong> zhù zài Zhōngguó <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They don't live in China anymore.</span> |
| − | + | *我 <em>已经</em> <strong>不</strong> 需要 父母 的 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng</em> <strong>bù</strong> xūyào fùmǔ de qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't need my parents' money anymore.</span> | |
| − | *我 <em>已经</em> 不 需要 父母 的 钱 <em>了</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng</em> bù xūyào fùmǔ de qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't need my parents' money anymore.</span> | + | *你 <em>已经</em> <strong>不</strong> 在 Google 工作 <em>了</em> 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǐjīng</em> <strong>bù</strong> zài Google gōngzuò <em>le</em> ma? </span><span class="trans">You don't work at Google anymore?</span> |
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| Line 107: | Line 100: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|29}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|612}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|554}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|New Concept Chinese (新概念汉语 初级本II)|41}} | |
| + | {{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97}} | ||
=== Dictionaries === | === Dictionaries === | ||
| + | |||
* [[现代汉语词典（第5版）]] (p.1609) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy] | * [[现代汉语词典（第5版）]] (p.1609) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy] | ||
[[Category:A2 grammar points]] | [[Category:A2 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}} |
| − | {{Basic Grammar|已经|A2| | + | {{Basic Grammar|已经|A2|已经⋯⋯了|他 <em>已经</em> 走 <em>了</em> 。|grammar point|ASGNXI27}} |
| − | {{ | + | {{Similar|Uses of "le"}} |
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "already" with "dou"}} | ||
{{Rel char|了}} | {{Rel char|了}} | ||
{{POS|Adverbs}} | {{POS|Adverbs}} | ||
{{Used for|Emphasizing}} | {{Used for|Emphasizing}} | ||
{{Translation|already}} | {{Translation|already}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:54, 21 April 2021
-
Level
-
Similar to
-
Used for
-
Keywords
已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) is the basic pattern used to express "already" in Chinese. It's easy to forget the 了 (le) on the end, but using it will make your Chinese more natural.
Basic Usages
已经 (yǐjīng) with Verb Phrases
Structure
The most common structure is to use 已经⋯⋯了 (yǐjīng... le) with a verb phrase.
已经 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
Examples
- 他们 已经 走 了。with just a verbThey've already left.
- 我 已经 有 男朋友 了 。 with a verb phraseI already have a boyfriend.
- 宝宝 已经 会 说话 了。with a verb phraseThe baby can already speak.
- 妈妈 已经 回来 了。with just a verbMom has already come back.
- 他 已经 上 飞机 了。with a verb phraseHe's already gotten on the plane.
已经 (yǐjīng) with Adjectives
Structure
Sometimes an adjective or a time noun is used instead of a typical verb phrase:
已经 + (很 +) Adj. + 了
Examples
- 爸爸 妈妈 已经 老 了。Mom and dad are already old.
- 已经 很 便宜 了。It is already very cheap.
- 你 女朋友 已经 很 漂亮 了！ Your girlfriend is already very beautiful!
- 你 的 感冒 已经 好 了 吗 ？Is your cold already better?
- 已经 很 晚 了，我们 走 吧。It's already really late. Let's go.
已经 (yǐjīng) with Time Nouns
A "time noun" simply refers to almost any word in Chinese indicating a time something happened.
Structure
已经 + Time + 了
Examples
- 已经 11点 了，女儿 还 没 回来 。It is already 11 o'clock, and my daughter has not returned.
- 爷爷 已经 八十五 岁 了 。Grandpa is already eighty-five years old.
- 我 学习 中文 已经 一 年 了 。I have already been studying Chinese for a year.
- 他 在 洗手间 里 已经 半 个 小时 了 。 He has already been in the bathroom for half an hour.
- 爸爸 去 北京 出差 已经 两 天 了 。It has already been two days since dad went to Beijing on business trip.
Negative Form
Structure
The negative structure simply adds a 不 (bù) after 已经 (yǐjīng), and before the verb (or possibly adjective).
已经 + 不 + Verb + 了
Examples
Generally this negative 已经 (yǐjīng) structure is translated into English as "not... anymore" rather than using the word "already."
- 我 已经 不 喜欢 你 了 。I don't like you anymore.
- 他 已经 不 爱 他 的 猫 了 。He doesn't love his cat anymore.
- 他们 已经 不 住 在 中国 了 。They don't live in China anymore.
- 我 已经 不 需要 父母 的 钱 了 。I don't need my parents' money anymore.
- 你 已经 不 在 Google 工作 了 吗 ？You don't work at Google anymore?
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- HSK Standard Course 2 (pp. 29) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 612) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 554) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
- New Concept Chinese (新概念汉语 初级本II) (pp. 41) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 97) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (p.1609) →buy
