Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "dou""
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [["Already" with "yijing"|已经⋯⋯了]]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event, and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
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都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [["Already" with "yijing"|已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了]]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
  
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== Used before Time ==
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== Used Before a Time ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
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用在句子的开头，后面常常跟"还"或者"还在"连用，表示对方应该停止某种行为了。
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When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action. 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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*<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <strong>le</strong>, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
 
*<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <strong>le</strong>, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 不 睡 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12am. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 不 睡 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
 
*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 这么 想 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
 
*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <strong>了</strong> ，你 <strong>还</strong> 这么 想 ？<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <strong>了</strong> ，他 <strong>还</strong> 在 厕所 里 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <strong>le</strong>, tā <strong>hái</strong> zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour. He's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <strong>了</strong> ，他 <strong>还</strong> 在 厕所 里 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <strong>le</strong>, tā <strong>hái</strong> zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一个 星期 <strong>了</strong> ，<strong>还在</strong> 下雨 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xīngqī <strong>le</strong>, <strong>háizài</strong> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">It's been raining for a week and it's still raining.</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 星期 <strong>了</strong> ，<strong>还在</strong> 下雨 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xīngqī <strong>le</strong>, <strong>hái zài</strong> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">It's been a week and it's still raining.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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== Used before Predicate ==
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== Used Before the Predicate ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
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*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <strong>了</strong> ，快 吃 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <strong>le</strong>. Kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
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*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <strong>了</strong> ，快 吃 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <strong>le</strong>, kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
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*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏 <strong>了</strong> ，扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <strong>le</strong>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. You should throw it away.</span>
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*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏 <strong>了</strong> ，扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <strong>le</strong>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.</span>
 
*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <strong>了</strong> 。别 烦 我 ！<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <strong>le</strong>. Bié fán wǒ!</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!</span>
 
*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <strong>了</strong> 。别 烦 我 ！<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <strong>le</strong>. Bié fán wǒ!</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!</span>
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*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <strong>了</strong> ，看 别的 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn <strong>guo le</strong>, kàn biéde bā.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
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*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <strong>了</strong> ，看 别的 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <strong>le</strong>, kàn biéde ba.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
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*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <strong>了</strong> ，你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He's made an apology. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
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*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <strong>了</strong> ，你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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== See also ==
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|116}}
 
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}}
 
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}}
 
{{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|178}}
 
{{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|178}}
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[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都 + Time + 了|<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都 + Time + 了|<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ，快点 起床 ！|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "already" with "yijing"}}   
 
{{Similar|Expressing "already" with "yijing"}}   
 
{{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing duration of inaction}}   
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{{Similar|Expressing duration of inaction}}
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{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "dou"}}   
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{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Translation|already}}
 
{{Translation|already}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to 已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.

Used Before a Time

Structure

When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.

都 + Time + 了

Examples

  • 都 九点 了 ，快点 起床 ！Dōu jiǔ diǎn le, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!
  • 都 十二 点 了 ，你 还 不 睡 ？Dōu shí'èr diǎn le, nǐ hái bù shuì?It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?
  • 都 二十一 世纪 了 ，你 还 这么 想 ？Dōu èrshí-yī shìjì le, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?
  • 都 一 个 小时 了 ，他 还 在 厕所 里 。Dōu yī gè xiǎoshí le, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.
  • 都 一 个 星期 了 ，还在 下雨 。Dōu yī gè xīngqī le, hái zài xiàyǔ.It's been a week and it's still raining.

Used Before the Predicate

Structure

Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • 饭 都 凉 了 ，快 吃 吧 。Fàn dōu liáng le, kuài chī ba.The food is cold already. Let's eat.
  • 牛奶 都 坏 了 ，扔掉 吧 。Niúnǎi dōu huài le, rēngdiào ba.The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.
  • 我 都 说 了 三 遍 了 。别 烦 我 ！Wǒ dōu shuō le sān biàn le. Bié fán wǒ!I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!
  • 这个 电影 你 都 看 过 了 ，看 别的 吧 。Zhège diànyǐng nǐ dōu kàn guo le, kàn biéde ba.You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.
  • 他 都 道歉 了 ，你 别 生气 了。Tā dōu dàoqiàn le, nǐ bié shēngqì le.He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries

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